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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Food Science & Nutrition

Association Between Frequency of Childhood Milk Intake and Adult Lung Function

  • Yu Zhang1
  • Yangyi Zhang2,3
  • Xiaochi Wang3,4
  • Chenye Liu3
  • Linyi Ye3
  • Tianxiang Rao3
  • Jingtao Liu3
  • Wenjie Zhang3
  • Yanshuo Li3
  • Ran Wang3
  • Wenfei Bai3
  • Yueqi Li2
1 more authors
  • Yuanmin Yang4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Pharmacy Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou China
  2. 2School of Biological Food and Chemistry Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University Xi'an China
  3. 3School of Basic Medical Sciences China Three Gorges University Yichang China
  4. 4Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College Weihai China
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Abstract

Early‐life nutrition may be associated with subsequent lung function, but evidence regarding milk consumption at different life stages remains limited. We examined the associations between milk consumption frequency during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood and adult lung function. Data from 3935 adults aged ≥ 20 years in NHANES 2007–2012 were analyzed. Milk consumption frequency was retrospectively assessed for ages 5–12, 13–17, and 18–35 years. Survey‐weighted multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate associations with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC, adjusting for relevant covariates. More frequent milk consumption at ages 5–12 years was associated with higher adult FEV1 and FVC. Compared with participants who never consumed milk, those who consumed milk often had higher FEV1 (β = 230 mL, 95% CI: 46–414; p = 0.016) and FVC (β = 324 mL, 95% CI: 120–529; p = 0.003) after adjustment. Milk consumption at ages 13–17 and 18–35 years was not significantly associated with FEV1 or FVC. No significant association was observed with FEV1/FVC. More frequent milk consumption at ages 5–12 years was associated with higher FEV1 and FVC in adulthood. These findings suggest that the association between milk consumption and adult lung function may vary according to the timing of exposure. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zhang2026association,
  title = {{Association Between Frequency of Childhood Milk Intake and Adult Lung Function}},
  author = {Yu Zhang and Yangyi Zhang and Xiaochi Wang and Chenye Liu and Linyi Ye and Tianxiang Rao and Jingtao Liu and Wenjie Zhang and Yanshuo Li and Ran Wang and Wenfei Bai and Yueqi Li and Yuanmin Yang},
  journal = {Food Science \& Nutrition},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1002/fsn3.72524},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.72524},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Association Between Frequency of Childhood Milk Intake and Adult Lung Function
AU  - Yu Zhang
AU  - Yangyi Zhang
AU  - Xiaochi Wang
AU  - Chenye Liu
AU  - Linyi Ye
AU  - Tianxiang Rao
AU  - Jingtao Liu
AU  - Wenjie Zhang
AU  - Yanshuo Li
AU  - Ran Wang
AU  - Wenfei Bai
AU  - Yueqi Li
AU  - Yuanmin Yang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
JO  - Food Science & Nutrition
DO  - 10.1002/fsn3.72524
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.72524
AB  - Early‐life nutrition may be associated with subsequent lung function, but evidence regarding milk consumption at different life stages remains limited. We examined the associations between milk consumption frequency during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood and adult lung function. Data from 3935 adults aged ≥ 20 years in NHANES 2007–2012 were analyzed. Milk consumption frequency was retrospectively assessed for ages 5–12, 13–17, and 18–35 years. Survey‐weighted multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate associations with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC, adjusting for relevant covariates. More frequent milk consumption at ages 5–12 years was associated with higher adult FEV1 and FVC. Compared with participants who never consumed milk, those who consumed milk often had higher FEV1 (β = 230 mL, 95% CI: 46–414; p = 0.016) and FVC (β = 324 mL, 95% CI: 120–529; p = 0.003) after adjustment. Milk consumption at ages 13–17 and 18–35 years was not significantly associated with FEV1 or FVC. No significant association was observed with FEV1/FVC. More frequent milk consumption at ages 5–12 years was associated with higher FEV1 and FVC in adulthood. These findings suggest that the association between milk consumption and adult lung function may vary according to the timing of exposure. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings.
SN  - 2048-7177
ER  -