LIGO, LISA and Ultralight Axion-like Dark Matter
Abstract
Interferometric searches for axion-like dark matter (ALP DM) via the induced photon birefringence in a coherent background have been proposed and analyzed by several authors over the past decade, with tabletop experiments (LIDA, ADBC, DANCE) reporting first results and detailed calculations available for both ground-based (LIGO, GEO600 via DarkGEO) and space-based (LISA, TianQin, Taiji, BBO via Gué et al. and Yao et al.) gravitational-wave detectors. We revisit this class of measurements within the framework of Krauss (2019), and provide a detailed treatment of the interplay between the DM coherence length λcoh, the interferometer arm length L, and the detector transfer function, with attention to the distinct suppression regimes λcoh > L (cancellation) and λcoh < L (random walk). For LIGO the sensitivity is set by the Fabry-Pérot arm cavity response peaking sharply near the cavity free spectral range, reproducing the results of Nagano et al.; the naive single-pass estimate substantially overstates the reach and cannot be applied directly. For LISA, with the polarization-sensitive modification proposed by Gué et al. or Yao et al., the natural mass range ma ∼ 4×10−19--4×10−16 eV (LISA science band) is accessible and the projected reach gaγγ≲ few× 10−13 GeV−1 (realistic optical-metrology noise) improves on the CAST bound over most of the band by up to about two orders of magnitude. We discuss directional signatures from the Galactic DM wind, both annual and sidereal, as a discrimination tool for candidate signals. Local DM substructure with anisotropic velocity dispersion can shift and enhance the reach in specific mass windows.
Versions
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BibTeX
@misc{krauss2026ligo,
title = {{LIGO, LISA and Ultralight Axion-like Dark Matter}},
author = {Lawrence M. Krauss},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2606.16099},
eprint = {2606.16099},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.16099},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - LIGO, LISA and Ultralight Axion-like Dark Matter
AU - Lawrence M. Krauss
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/28
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2606.16099
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.16099
AB - Interferometric searches for axion-like dark matter (ALP DM) via the induced photon birefringence in a coherent background have been proposed and analyzed by several authors over the past decade, with tabletop experiments (LIDA, ADBC, DANCE) reporting first results and detailed calculations available for both ground-based (LIGO, GEO600 via DarkGEO) and space-based (LISA, TianQin, Taiji, BBO via Gué et al. and Yao et al.) gravitational-wave detectors. We revisit this class of measurements within the framework of Krauss (2019), and provide a detailed treatment of the interplay between the DM coherence length λ_coh, the interferometer arm length L, and the detector transfer function, with attention to the distinct suppression regimes λ_coh > L (cancellation) and λ_coh < L (random walk). For LIGO the sensitivity is set by the Fabry-Pérot arm cavity response peaking sharply near the cavity free spectral range, reproducing the results of Nagano et al.; the naive single-pass estimate substantially overstates the reach and cannot be applied directly. For LISA, with the polarization-sensitive modification proposed by Gué et al. or Yao et al., the natural mass range m_a ∼ 4×10^−19--4×10^−16 eV (LISA science band) is accessible and the projected reach g_aγγ≲ few× 10^−13 GeV^−1 (realistic optical-metrology noise) improves on the CAST bound over most of the band by up to about two orders of magnitude. We discuss directional signatures from the Galactic DM wind, both annual and sidereal, as a discrimination tool for candidate signals. Local DM substructure with anisotropic velocity dispersion can shift and enhance the reach in specific mass windows.
ER -