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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0In Vivo

High P53 Immunoexpression Is Associated With Shorter Overall Survival in Feline Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

  • LAÍS CALAZANS MENESCAL LINHARES1
  • MARCELO MONTE MOR RANGEL2
  • KRISHNA DURO DE OLIVEIRA3
  • CARLOS EDUARDO FONSECA-ALVES4,5
  • FERNANDA BARTHELSON CARVALHO DE MOURA4
  • GUILHERME ANDRAUS BISPO6
  • FELISBINA L. QUEIROGA7
  • ANDRIGO BARBOZA DE NARDI1
7 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
  2. 2Vet Cancer Veterinary Oncology, São Paulo, Brazil
  3. 3VCLab Pathology, São Paulo, Brazil
  4. 4School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
  5. 5Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
  6. 6School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatub, Brazil
  7. 7CECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
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Abstract

Background/Aim: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common skin tumor in cats, typically arising in sun-exposed, poorly pigmented areas. Ultraviolet radiation induces carcinogenesis through DNA damage in keratinocytes, with p53 dysregulation as an early and frequent event. Although its prognostic value remains controversial, p53 overexpression has been associated with poorer outcomes in human cSCC, with limited data in cats. This study evaluated p53 immunoexpression and its association with clinicopathological features and survival in cats with cSCC treated with electrochemotherapy (ECT).

Patients and Methods: A total of 33 cats with head cSCC were included from both prospective (2022-2025) and retrospective (2018-2021) cohorts. Tumor samples were collected immediately before the first ECT session for histopathological and subsequent immunohistochemical analysis.

Results: Nuclear p53 immunoexpression was detected in 84.8% of cases (28/33), classified as moderate (18/33; 54.5%) and high (10/33; 30.3%). High p53 immunoexpression was significantly associated with shorter tumor-specific survival (TSS) (p=0.026) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.01). Advanced-stage tumors (T3 and T4) were significantly associated with moderate to high p53 immunoexpression (p=0.028).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that p53 immunoexpression may serve as a prognostic biomarker in feline cSCC, supporting its potential clinical applicability in the prognostic assessment of affected cats.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{linhares2026high,
  title = {{High P53 Immunoexpression Is Associated With Shorter Overall Survival in Feline Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma}},
  author = {LAÍS CALAZANS MENESCAL LINHARES and MARCELO MONTE MOR RANGEL and KRISHNA DURO DE OLIVEIRA and CARLOS EDUARDO FONSECA-ALVES and FERNANDA BARTHELSON CARVALHO DE MOURA and GUILHERME ANDRAUS BISPO and FELISBINA L. QUEIROGA and ANDRIGO BARBOZA DE NARDI},
  journal = {In Vivo},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.21873/invivo.14499},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.14499},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - High P53 Immunoexpression Is Associated With Shorter Overall Survival in Feline Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
AU  - LAÍS CALAZANS MENESCAL LINHARES
AU  - MARCELO MONTE MOR RANGEL
AU  - KRISHNA DURO DE OLIVEIRA
AU  - CARLOS EDUARDO FONSECA-ALVES
AU  - FERNANDA BARTHELSON CARVALHO DE MOURA
AU  - GUILHERME ANDRAUS BISPO
AU  - FELISBINA L. QUEIROGA
AU  - ANDRIGO BARBOZA DE NARDI
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/29
JO  - In Vivo
DO  - 10.21873/invivo.14499
UR  - https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.14499
AB  - Background/Aim: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common skin tumor in cats, typically arising in sun-exposed, poorly pigmented areas. Ultraviolet radiation induces carcinogenesis through DNA damage in keratinocytes, with p53 dysregulation as an early and frequent event. Although its prognostic value remains controversial, p53 overexpression has been associated with poorer outcomes in human cSCC, with limited data in cats. This study evaluated p53 immunoexpression and its association with clinicopathological features and survival in cats with cSCC treated with electrochemotherapy (ECT).  Patients and Methods: A total of 33 cats with head cSCC were included from both prospective (2022-2025) and retrospective (2018-2021) cohorts. Tumor samples were collected immediately before the first ECT session for histopathological and subsequent immunohistochemical analysis.  Results: Nuclear p53 immunoexpression was detected in 84.8% of cases (28/33), classified as moderate (18/33; 54.5%) and high (10/33; 30.3%). High p53 immunoexpression was significantly associated with shorter tumor-specific survival (TSS) (p=0.026) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.01). Advanced-stage tumors (T3 and T4) were significantly associated with moderate to high p53 immunoexpression (p=0.028).  Conclusion: These findings suggest that p53 immunoexpression may serve as a prognostic biomarker in feline cSCC, supporting its potential clinical applicability in the prognostic assessment of affected cats.
SN  - 0258-851X
SN  - 1791-7549
ER  -