Phonon-mediated closing of topological Floquet gaps in graphene: Non-phenomenological analysis
Abstract
Floquet band engineering has been intensively studied for its potential to control material properties via laser driving. In particular, Floquet topological states have been measured on the surface of Bi2Se3. Nonetheless, the original prediction of Floquet topological bands in graphene remains unobserved, with works only measuring non-topological Floquet-Bloch states or indirect features. Here, we theoretically explore graphene irradiated by circular lasers with non-phenomenological electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling. We show that e-ph interactions substantially broaden Floquet bands due to graphene's large zero-point motion, as expected from phenomenological treatments. However, we further find that larger displacement Γ optical phonons reduce Floquet gaps by about half, even in absence of instrumentation broadening, and can also induce additional features like flat bands. These phonons "enter the gap" and blur photoemission signatures. Including non-Γ phonons closes the gap and greatly reduces visibility. When these modes couple to reasonably expected instrumentation broadening, the effect is significantly exacerbated. Our results shed light on the missing Floquet topological gaps and also lead to possible mitigation strategies: (i) Pre-pumping coherent phonons to counteract blurring, or (ii), transition to a Dirac system with more favorable phonon statistics. Moreover, our real-space analysis proposes that Floquet topological physics is alive in localized regions, such that properties of interest like transport should be accessible. We expect this work to impact experimental analysis and lead to set-ups where graphene Floquet topology might finally be directly observed.
Related
- Nonlinearity-Induced Suppression of Dissipation in Bath-Coupled Floquet Topological Insulators
- Optical control of electrons in a Floquet topological insulator
- Topological charges and parity selection at Floquet quasienergy degeneracies
- Quantized Transport in Floquet Topological Insulators
- Floquet Topological Spin-Valley-Layertronics on a Layered Dice Lattice
BibTeX
@misc{ledermann2026phononmediated,
title = {{Phonon-mediated closing of topological Floquet gaps in graphene: Non-phenomenological analysis}},
author = {Royi Ledermann and Rave Hanoch Saadon and Adam Herling and Ofer Neufeld},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.39817},
eprint = {2609.39817},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.39817},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Phonon-mediated closing of topological Floquet gaps in graphene: Non-phenomenological analysis
AU - Royi Ledermann
AU - Rave Hanoch Saadon
AU - Adam Herling
AU - Ofer Neufeld
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/10
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.39817
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.39817
AB - Floquet band engineering has been intensively studied for its potential to control material properties via laser driving. In particular, Floquet topological states have been measured on the surface of Bi_2Se_3. Nonetheless, the original prediction of Floquet topological bands in graphene remains unobserved, with works only measuring non-topological Floquet-Bloch states or indirect features. Here, we theoretically explore graphene irradiated by circular lasers with non-phenomenological electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling. We show that e-ph interactions substantially broaden Floquet bands due to graphene's large zero-point motion, as expected from phenomenological treatments. However, we further find that larger displacement Γ optical phonons reduce Floquet gaps by about half, even in absence of instrumentation broadening, and can also induce additional features like flat bands. These phonons "enter the gap" and blur photoemission signatures. Including non-Γ phonons closes the gap and greatly reduces visibility. When these modes couple to reasonably expected instrumentation broadening, the effect is significantly exacerbated. Our results shed light on the missing Floquet topological gaps and also lead to possible mitigation strategies: (i) Pre-pumping coherent phonons to counteract blurring, or (ii), transition to a Dirac system with more favorable phonon statistics. Moreover, our real-space analysis proposes that Floquet topological physics is alive in localized regions, such that properties of interest like transport should be accessible. We expect this work to impact experimental analysis and lead to set-ups where graphene Floquet topology might finally be directly observed.
ER -