Assessing psychosocial adversities at Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome stages in a large population survey
- 1Augusta University
Abstract
BackgroundCardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKMS) is defined as a cluster of disease conditions that are highly prevalent in the U.S. population. This study aims to assess psychosocial adversities at different CKMS stages in a large survey of U.S. adults, measured by lack of emotional support, low life satisfaction, and loneliness.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data on 159,511 adults from the 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Proxy CKMS stages (0, 1, 2/3, and 4) were determined using self-reported health conditions. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were estimated to obtain the predictive margins of respective psychosocial attributes across proxy CKMS stages.
ResultsCompared to adults at lower CKMS stages (Stages 0 and 1), adults at advanced CKMS stages (Stages 2/3 and 4) generally reported having higher psychosocial toll. At CKMS stage 4, the predicted probabilities of lack of emotional support, low life satisfaction, and loneliness were 6.96, 3.24, and 10.10 percentage points (pp) higher, respectively, than at stage 0. Compared to stage 1, the corresponding differences were 5.92, 2.89, and 9.65 pp. At CKMS stage 2/3, the corresponding differences were 4.36, 1.66, and 5.69 pp compared to stage 0 and 3.33, 1.32, and 5.25 pp compared to stage 1. The high burden at advanced CKMS stages was generally evident across sex, and different socioeconomic status conditions manifested by income and education.
ConclusionsFindings of this study suggest that adults with advanced CKMS stages were more likely to experience a psychosocial toll. Further research is warranted to facilitate strategies for improving psychosocial wellbeing of CKMS patients.
What is KnownO_LILoneliness and social isolation have been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. C_LIO_LIPrior research has examined loneliness and CKM stage together in relation to depression and anxiety, but evidence across other psychosocial outcomes remains limited. C_LI
What the Study AddsO_LIAdults at advanced proxy CKMS stages had higher adjusted predicted probabilities of lacking emotional support, having low life satisfaction, and feeling lonely. C_LIO_LIThese patterns were observed across sex, income, and education groups. C_LI
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{ahmed2026assessing,
title = {{Assessing psychosocial adversities at Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome stages in a large population survey}},
author = {T. Ahmed and D. Chudasama and B. K. Datta and M. Vernon and S. S. Coughlin and J. C. Sullivan},
howpublished = {medRxiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.64898/2026.09.22.26363738},
url = {https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.22.26363738v1},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Assessing psychosocial adversities at Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome stages in a large population survey
AU - T. Ahmed
AU - D. Chudasama
AU - B. K. Datta
AU - M. Vernon
AU - S. S. Coughlin
AU - J. C. Sullivan
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/22
PB - medRxiv
DO - 10.64898/2026.09.22.26363738
UR - https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.22.26363738v1
AB - BackgroundCardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKMS) is defined as a cluster of disease conditions that are highly prevalent in the U.S. population. This study aims to assess psychosocial adversities at different CKMS stages in a large survey of U.S. adults, measured by lack of emotional support, low life satisfaction, and loneliness. MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data on 159,511 adults from the 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Proxy CKMS stages (0, 1, 2/3, and 4) were determined using self-reported health conditions. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were estimated to obtain the predictive margins of respective psychosocial attributes across proxy CKMS stages. ResultsCompared to adults at lower CKMS stages (Stages 0 and 1), adults at advanced CKMS stages (Stages 2/3 and 4) generally reported having higher psychosocial toll. At CKMS stage 4, the predicted probabilities of lack of emotional support, low life satisfaction, and loneliness were 6.96, 3.24, and 10.10 percentage points (pp) higher, respectively, than at stage 0. Compared to stage 1, the corresponding differences were 5.92, 2.89, and 9.65 pp. At CKMS stage 2/3, the corresponding differences were 4.36, 1.66, and 5.69 pp compared to stage 0 and 3.33, 1.32, and 5.25 pp compared to stage 1. The high burden at advanced CKMS stages was generally evident across sex, and different socioeconomic status conditions manifested by income and education. ConclusionsFindings of this study suggest that adults with advanced CKMS stages were more likely to experience a psychosocial toll. Further research is warranted to facilitate strategies for improving psychosocial wellbeing of CKMS patients. What is KnownO_LILoneliness and social isolation have been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. C_LIO_LIPrior research has examined loneliness and CKM stage together in relation to depression and anxiety, but evidence across other psychosocial outcomes remains limited. C_LI What the Study AddsO_LIAdults at advanced proxy CKMS stages had higher adjusted predicted probabilities of lacking emotional support, having low life satisfaction, and feeling lonely. C_LIO_LIThese patterns were observed across sex, income, and education groups. C_LI
ER -