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PreprintCC BY 4.0arXiv

Universal Fidelity Law for Linear-Optical Entangling Gates

  • Haim Nakav
  • Ofer Firstenberg
Open at sourcePDFDOICite

Abstract

Imperfect photon sources degrade the performance of interference-based linear-optical entangling gates. We derive a universal fidelity law for these gates in terms of two standard source metrics: Hong-Ou-Mandel visibility and second-order coherence. We model the multiphoton component as an arbitrary overlap between noise and signal photons. While different values of the signal-noise overlap produce different error structures, associated with different physical platforms, all result in the same fidelity law. We test the model on our actively synchronized CNOT-gate experiment and against published results across different platforms, with no free parameters. This framework turns source characterization into a unified benchmark for photonic quantum computing.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{nakav2026universal,
  title = {{Universal Fidelity Law for Linear-Optical Entangling Gates}},
  author = {Haim Nakav and Ofer Firstenberg},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.25861},
  eprint = {2609.25861},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25861},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Universal Fidelity Law for Linear-Optical Entangling Gates
AU  - Haim Nakav
AU  - Ofer Firstenberg
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/22
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.25861
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25861
AB  - Imperfect photon sources degrade the performance of interference-based linear-optical entangling gates. We derive a universal fidelity law for these gates in terms of two standard source metrics: Hong-Ou-Mandel visibility and second-order coherence. We model the multiphoton component as an arbitrary overlap between noise and signal photons. While different values of the signal-noise overlap produce different error structures, associated with different physical platforms, all result in the same fidelity law. We test the model on our actively synchronized CNOT-gate experiment and against published results across different platforms, with no free parameters. This framework turns source characterization into a unified benchmark for photonic quantum computing.
ER  -