High-Fidelity Universal Quantum Gates in a Cryogenic Atom Array
Abstract
Neutral atoms in optical tweezer arrays have emerged as a leading platform for quantum information processing. The fidelity of entangling gates mediated by Rydberg interactions has improved rapidly and is increasingly constrained by blackbody-radiation-induced transitions, which shorten Rydberg lifetimes and create contaminant states that can cause correlated errors. Cryogenic environments can suppress these transition rates by more than an order of magnitude. However, realizing a universal gate set in such an environment has remained an outstanding challenge. Here, we demonstrate a universal quantum gate set in a cryogenic 133Cs atom array, with a single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.970(2)% and a raw two-qubit entangling-gate fidelity of 99.76(8)%, within the range of leading room-temperature implementations. The entangling gate uses direct single-photon coupling between the electronic ground state and a Rydberg P state, avoiding scattering and light shifts associated with two-photon coupling. The gate operates at a modest Rabi frequency of 2π×4.3 MHz. The measured fidelity agrees with our error model dominated by atomic motion, indicating a straightforward route to higher fidelity through improved cooling, while the fundamental error contribution from Rydberg decay is below 3×10−4. These results establish a path to entangling-gate fidelities substantially beyond the current state of the art through cryogenic suppression of Rydberg decay, reducing the overhead for fault-tolerant computation.
Related
- Simultaneous high-fidelity single-qubit gates in a spin qubit array
- Universal Fidelity Law for Linear-Optical Entangling Gates
- High-fidelity molecular quantum logic gates resilient to interaction fluctuation
- High-fidelity molecular quantum logic gates resilient to interaction fluctuation
- High-fidelity geometric quantum gates exceeding 99.9% in germanium quantum dots
BibTeX
@misc{jin2026highfidelity,
title = {{High-Fidelity Universal Quantum Gates in a Cryogenic Atom Array}},
author = {Junlan Jin and Donghyuk Seo and Yue Shi and Yukai Lu and Jeff D. Thompson and Waseem S. Bakr},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.40329},
eprint = {2610.40329},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40329},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - High-Fidelity Universal Quantum Gates in a Cryogenic Atom Array
AU - Junlan Jin
AU - Donghyuk Seo
AU - Yue Shi
AU - Yukai Lu
AU - Jeff D. Thompson
AU - Waseem S. Bakr
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/29
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.40329
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40329
AB - Neutral atoms in optical tweezer arrays have emerged as a leading platform for quantum information processing. The fidelity of entangling gates mediated by Rydberg interactions has improved rapidly and is increasingly constrained by blackbody-radiation-induced transitions, which shorten Rydberg lifetimes and create contaminant states that can cause correlated errors. Cryogenic environments can suppress these transition rates by more than an order of magnitude. However, realizing a universal gate set in such an environment has remained an outstanding challenge. Here, we demonstrate a universal quantum gate set in a cryogenic ^133Cs atom array, with a single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.970(2)% and a raw two-qubit entangling-gate fidelity of 99.76(8)%, within the range of leading room-temperature implementations. The entangling gate uses direct single-photon coupling between the electronic ground state and a Rydberg P state, avoiding scattering and light shifts associated with two-photon coupling. The gate operates at a modest Rabi frequency of 2π×4.3 MHz. The measured fidelity agrees with our error model dominated by atomic motion, indicating a straightforward route to higher fidelity through improved cooling, while the fundamental error contribution from Rydberg decay is below 3×10^−4. These results establish a path to entangling-gate fidelities substantially beyond the current state of the art through cryogenic suppression of Rydberg decay, reducing the overhead for fault-tolerant computation.
ER -