Nonuniform Time-bins for Making Raw QRNG Outputs Uniform
Abstract
Random numbers play a vital role in scientific simulations and cryptography. Both randomness and security are critical requirements for random number generators (RNGs). However, classical RNGs often rely on mathematical assumptions that can compromise security, while quantum RNGs (QRNGs) face challenges, including non-uniform output due to the lack of specialized single-photon sources. In this work, we propose a QRNG model that generates uniformly distributed random numbers using a standard coherent photon source, without requiring heavy attenuation or post-processing. Although the raw data is theoretically free of bias, post-processing, if any, may be required to suppress any classical noise and device imperfections. The proposed method analytically equalizes the output probabilities under the assumed photon-arrival-time model, potentially reducing the need for heavy attenuation and post-processing to correct binning bias. We evaluate the method using real photon-detection timestamps and compare its statistical performance with conventional uniform time binning using the NIST, Dieharder, and ENT test suites. The results demonstrate improved statistical performance for the proposed binning scheme under the tested conditions.
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BibTeX
@misc{basak2026nonuniform,
title = {{Nonuniform Time-bins for Making Raw QRNG Outputs Uniform}},
author = {Nirupam Basak and Goutam Paul},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.08096},
eprint = {2611.08096},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.08096},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Nonuniform Time-bins for Making Raw QRNG Outputs Uniform
AU - Nirupam Basak
AU - Goutam Paul
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/05
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.08096
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.08096
AB - Random numbers play a vital role in scientific simulations and cryptography. Both randomness and security are critical requirements for random number generators (RNGs). However, classical RNGs often rely on mathematical assumptions that can compromise security, while quantum RNGs (QRNGs) face challenges, including non-uniform output due to the lack of specialized single-photon sources. In this work, we propose a QRNG model that generates uniformly distributed random numbers using a standard coherent photon source, without requiring heavy attenuation or post-processing. Although the raw data is theoretically free of bias, post-processing, if any, may be required to suppress any classical noise and device imperfections. The proposed method analytically equalizes the output probabilities under the assumed photon-arrival-time model, potentially reducing the need for heavy attenuation and post-processing to correct binning bias. We evaluate the method using real photon-detection timestamps and compare its statistical performance with conventional uniform time binning using the NIST, Dieharder, and ENT test suites. The results demonstrate improved statistical performance for the proposed binning scheme under the tested conditions.
ER -