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PreprintCC BY-NC-NDChemRxiv

Classical Nucleation Induced Intrafibrillar Mineralization of Collagen

1 more authors
6 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Macromolecular Science
  2. 2Fudan University
  3. 3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
  4. 4Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
  5. 5Department of Chemistry
  6. 6Durham University

Abstract

Collagen mineralization is fundamental to bone formation, and this process is widely believed to proceed via an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-mediated non-classical nucleation pathway. Here we investigated this paradigm using cryogenic electron tomography. The results reveal that the intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen does not rely on the infiltration of ACP, but occurs through a classical heterogeneous nucleation mechanism, which can be accelerated both in vitro and in vivo by increasing the density of the collagen template. The finding not only updates our understanding of collagen mineralization mechanisms, but also provides critical insights for the design of bone regeneration materials.

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BibTeX
@misc{cui2026classical,
  title = {{Classical Nucleation Induced Intrafibrillar Mineralization of Collagen}},
  author = {Shiwen Cui and Shasha Yao and Keyan Liu and Chengkun Xing and Mingxing Liu and Haiqin Du and Pilan Zhang and Zhao Jiang and Jiawei Li and Guangrong Zhou and Man Zhang and Xiaoyue Hu and Yifei Xu},
  howpublished = {ChemRxiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.26434/chemrxiv.15010320/v1},
  url = {https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010320/v1},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Classical Nucleation Induced Intrafibrillar Mineralization of Collagen
AU  - Shiwen Cui
AU  - Shasha Yao
AU  - Keyan Liu
AU  - Chengkun Xing
AU  - Mingxing Liu
AU  - Haiqin Du
AU  - Pilan Zhang
AU  - Zhao Jiang
AU  - Jiawei Li
AU  - Guangrong Zhou
AU  - Man Zhang
AU  - Xiaoyue Hu
AU  - Yifei Xu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/12
PB  - ChemRxiv
DO  - 10.26434/chemrxiv.15010320/v1
UR  - https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010320/v1
AB  - Collagen mineralization is fundamental to bone formation, and this process is widely believed to proceed via an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-mediated non-classical nucleation pathway. Here we investigated this paradigm using cryogenic electron tomography. The results reveal that the intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen does not rely on the infiltration of ACP, but occurs through a classical heterogeneous nucleation mechanism, which can be accelerated both in vitro and in vivo by increasing the density of the collagen template. The finding not only updates our understanding of collagen mineralization mechanisms, but also provides critical insights for the design of bone regeneration materials.
ER  -