Photonic magnetism and altermagnetism without magnetic materials
Abstract
Magnetism, a fundamental property of solids arising from the collective alignment of electronic spins of magnetic atoms, has recently been expanded by the discovery of altermagnetism, a symmetry-driven phase distinct from both ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. Initial efforts to emulate altermagnetism in photonic systems are also being pursued, primarily through the magneto-optic response of materials; however, their intrinsic frequency limitations pose challenges for extending photonic altermagnetism into the optical regime, thereby restricting their material choices and optical applications. Here, we establish a microscopic framework of photonic magnetism through group theory symmetry analysis, defining photonic counterparts of electron spin and magnetic atoms. This approach enables the realization of photonic ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and altermagnetic phases within structured optical lattices constructed by purely dielectric, nonmagnetic materials, which not only broadens the photonic magnetism concept, but also lifts the material and frequency limitations. Analytical models, numerical simulations, and experimental measurements reveal spin-momentum locking directly corresponding to their electronic analogs, showing d-, g-, and i-wave circular dichroism (CD) splitting bands at telecom wavelengths (around 1550 nm). These results demonstrate that altermagnetic order, and magnetism more broadly, can be reconstructed in photonic systems through symmetry and mode coupling alone, opening a new route towards spin-dependent light control and bosonic analogs of quantum magnetic phenomena in dielectric photonic crystals.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{zhang2026photonic,
title = {{Photonic magnetism and altermagnetism without magnetic materials}},
author = {Tiancheng Zhang and Lijie Li and Zhuo Liu and Li Lei and Yi Li and Fanhao Meng and Changhao Ding and Moses C. Hong and Scott Dhuey and Jie Yao},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.00741},
eprint = {2609.00741},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00741},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Photonic magnetism and altermagnetism without magnetic materials
AU - Tiancheng Zhang
AU - Lijie Li
AU - Zhuo Liu
AU - Li Lei
AU - Yi Li
AU - Fanhao Meng
AU - Changhao Ding
AU - Moses C. Hong
AU - Scott Dhuey
AU - Jie Yao
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.00741
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00741
AB - Magnetism, a fundamental property of solids arising from the collective alignment of electronic spins of magnetic atoms, has recently been expanded by the discovery of altermagnetism, a symmetry-driven phase distinct from both ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. Initial efforts to emulate altermagnetism in photonic systems are also being pursued, primarily through the magneto-optic response of materials; however, their intrinsic frequency limitations pose challenges for extending photonic altermagnetism into the optical regime, thereby restricting their material choices and optical applications. Here, we establish a microscopic framework of photonic magnetism through group theory symmetry analysis, defining photonic counterparts of electron spin and magnetic atoms. This approach enables the realization of photonic ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and altermagnetic phases within structured optical lattices constructed by purely dielectric, nonmagnetic materials, which not only broadens the photonic magnetism concept, but also lifts the material and frequency limitations. Analytical models, numerical simulations, and experimental measurements reveal spin-momentum locking directly corresponding to their electronic analogs, showing d-, g-, and i-wave circular dichroism (CD) splitting bands at telecom wavelengths (around 1550 nm). These results demonstrate that altermagnetic order, and magnetism more broadly, can be reconstructed in photonic systems through symmetry and mode coupling alone, opening a new route towards spin-dependent light control and bosonic analogs of quantum magnetic phenomena in dielectric photonic crystals.
ER -