Skip to content
DraconiticResearch
Search Sources API
203,234 studies31 sourcesUpdated 1 h ago
Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0JMIR Formative Research

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Malaysian Pharmacists Regarding AI Adoption: Cross-Sectional Study

  • Chee Tao Chang1
  • Xin Jie Lim2
  • Jason Choong Yin Lee3
  • Chii Chii Chew1
  • Yen Jun Wong4
  • Huan-Keat Chan5
  • Chern Choong Thum6
  • Kar Meng Yew7
  • Shiau Hueh Yeow8
  • Philip Rajan2
8 affiliations
  1. 1Clinical Research Centre Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Institute for Clinical Research Ipoh, Perak Malaysia
  2. 2Clinical Research Centre Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh, Perak Malaysia
  3. 3Perak Pharmaceutical Services Division Ipoh, Perak Malaysia
  4. 4School of Pharmacy Monash University Malaysia Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
  5. 5Centre for Clinical Trials Institute for Clinical Research Setia Alam, Selangor Malaysia
  6. 6Ministry of Communications Putrajaya Malaysia
  7. 7Klinik Kesihatan Kampar Ministry of Health Malaysia Kampar, Perak Malaysia
  8. 8Pharmacy Division BIG CARING Group Klang, Selangor Malaysia
Read full textDOICite

Abstract

Background: AI is increasingly integrated into health care systems worldwide, with growing implications for pharmacy practice. Although studies have reported general perceptions of AI, gaps between awareness and practical implementation remain evident, particularly in middle-income settings.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the baseline knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Malaysian pharmacists regarding AI adoption in pharmacy practice and identify factors associated with these domains.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire distributed to registered pharmacists practicing in Malaysia. The instrument comprised 12 knowledge items, 10 attitude items, and 5 practice items and underwent expert review and pilot testing. KAP scores were categorized using Bloom cutoff points as good (80%-100%), moderate (60%-79%), or poor (<60%). Data were analyzed using R statistical software.

Results: A total of 407 pharmacists completed the survey. The median knowledge score was 75 (IQR 67-92), with 42.3% (172/407) of pharmacists demonstrating good knowledge. The median attitude score was 82 (IQR 76-94), and 64.6% (263/407) of pharmacists exhibited positive attitudes toward AI. However, the median practice score was 56 (IQR 44-68), with 54.3% (221/407) of pharmacists classified as having poor AI use in practice. Statistically significant but weak positive correlations were observed among the 3 domains. Pharmacists with postgraduate qualifications demonstrated significantly higher knowledge scores (P=.01).

Conclusions: Malaysian pharmacists demonstrated moderate knowledge and positive attitudes toward AI. However, the practical integration of AI into routine pharmacy workflows remained limited. Strengthening institutional support, structured training, and implementation frameworks may be necessary to translate perceived readiness into clinical adoption.

Related

  1. Sudanese Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Barriers Regarding Breast Cancer Endocrine Therapy: A Cross- Sectional Survey
    Tarteel Mohamed Hassan, Alfatih M Alarabi, Rubba Abdelazeim Hussein Eljack +8
    Breast Cancer : Targets and TherapyPeer-reviewedCC BY-NC 4.0Full textPharmacology & toxicologyPMC
  2. Sun protection knowledge, attitudes and practices, skin pigmentation and personal UVB exposure among Malaysian national-level outdoor athletes
    Nurul Huda Shamsuri, Ching Suen Tham, Kai Li Foo +5
    Scientific ReportsPeer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Full textGeneral medicineCrossref
  3. Healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding perioperative ischemic stroke in elderly patients
    Li Zhang, Hao Nie, Hui Sun +3
    Frontiers in medicinePeer-reviewedCC BYFull textGeneral medicineEurope PMC
  4. Parental knowledge, attitudes, and discretionary practices regarding children’s dietary salt intake in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
    Almoutaz Hashim, Enad Alsolami, Sami Alobaidi
    Frontiers in public healthPeer-reviewedCC BYFull textEpidemiology & public healthEurope PMC
  5. Status and influencing factors of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding oxygen therapy among clinical nurses in Anhui Province, China
    Ling-li Jin, Bo Li, Rui-xiang Sun +1
    Frontiers in public healthPeer-reviewedCC BYFull textEpidemiology & public healthEurope PMC

Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{chang2026knowledge,
  title = {{Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Malaysian Pharmacists Regarding AI Adoption: Cross-Sectional Study}},
  author = {Chee Tao Chang and Xin Jie Lim and Jason Choong Yin Lee and Chii Chii Chew and Yen Jun Wong and Huan-Keat Chan and Chern Choong Thum and Kar Meng Yew and Shiau Hueh Yeow and Philip Rajan},
  journal = {JMIR Formative Research},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.2196/101650},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2196/101650},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Malaysian Pharmacists Regarding AI Adoption: Cross-Sectional Study
AU  - Chee Tao Chang
AU  - Xin Jie Lim
AU  - Jason Choong Yin Lee
AU  - Chii Chii Chew
AU  - Yen Jun Wong
AU  - Huan-Keat Chan
AU  - Chern Choong Thum
AU  - Kar Meng Yew
AU  - Shiau Hueh Yeow
AU  - Philip Rajan
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/20
JO  - JMIR Formative Research
DO  - 10.2196/101650
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2196/101650
AB  - Background: AI is increasingly integrated into health care systems worldwide, with growing implications for pharmacy practice. Although studies have reported general perceptions of AI, gaps between awareness and practical implementation remain evident, particularly in middle-income settings.  Objective: This study aimed to assess the baseline knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Malaysian pharmacists regarding AI adoption in pharmacy practice and identify factors associated with these domains.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire distributed to registered pharmacists practicing in Malaysia. The instrument comprised 12 knowledge items, 10 attitude items, and 5 practice items and underwent expert review and pilot testing. KAP scores were categorized using Bloom cutoff points as good (80%-100%), moderate (60%-79%), or poor (<60%). Data were analyzed using R statistical software.  Results: A total of 407 pharmacists completed the survey. The median knowledge score was 75 (IQR 67-92), with 42.3% (172/407) of pharmacists demonstrating good knowledge. The median attitude score was 82 (IQR 76-94), and 64.6% (263/407) of pharmacists exhibited positive attitudes toward AI. However, the median practice score was 56 (IQR 44-68), with 54.3% (221/407) of pharmacists classified as having poor AI use in practice. Statistically significant but weak positive correlations were observed among the 3 domains. Pharmacists with postgraduate qualifications demonstrated significantly higher knowledge scores (P=.01).  Conclusions: Malaysian pharmacists demonstrated moderate knowledge and positive attitudes toward AI. However, the practical integration of AI into routine pharmacy workflows remained limited. Strengthening institutional support, structured training, and implementation frameworks may be necessary to translate perceived readiness into clinical adoption.
SN  - 2561-326X
ER  -