A Sensitive Approach for the Determination of the Novel Antidepressant Vilazodone: Electrochemical Sensing Using a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode in Surfactant‐Containing Media
4 affiliations
- 1Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Analytical Chemistry Ankara University Ankara Türkiye
- 2The Graduate School of Health Sciences Ankara University Ankara Türkiye
- 3Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Analytical Chemistry Başkent University Etimesgut Ankara Türkiye
- 4Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry Bilecik Seyh Edebali University Bilecik Türkiye
Abstract
A novel, highly sensitive surfactant‐supported method was developed for vilazodone (VLD) determination using a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode. This study represents the first VLD detection on a BDD electrode and the first application of surfactant‐supported voltammetry for this antidepressant. The electrochemical behavior of VLD was evaluated at different pH values using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The peak potential shifted negatively up to pH 7.0 and stabilized thereafter, indicating a proton‐involved oxidation mechanism with a pKa near 7.0. The effects of CTAB, SDS, and Tween 20 were investigated, with Tween 20 providing the greatest peak‐current enhancement due to its nonionic character, interfacial organization, and microcolloidal environment, improving mass transport and suppressing adsorption‐controlled pathways. Under optimized conditions, excellent linearity ( R ² >0.988) was obtained over 5.0 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ –1.0 × 10 ⁻⁶ M. Recoveries of 98%–102% were achieved in pharmaceutical formulations and spiked human serum samples, demonstrating applicability to complex matrices. Density functional theory calculations showed highest occupied molecular orbital localization mainly over the nitrogen‐containing conjugated region and partly on the piperazine moiety, supporting piperazine nitrogen involvement in anodic oxidation. The proposed DPV‐BDD platform provides a rapid, sensitive, and reliable approach for VLD analysis with nonionic surfactant‐assisted signal enhancement.
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BibTeX
@article{ilvan2026sensitive,
title = {{A Sensitive Approach for the Determination of the Novel Antidepressant Vilazodone: Electrochemical Sensing Using a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode in Surfactant‐Containing Media}},
author = {Birdem Bersu İlvan and Ipek Kucuk and Selenay Sadak and Hülya Silah and Bengi Uslu},
journal = {ChemistryOpen},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1002/open.70298},
url = {https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/open.70298},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - A Sensitive Approach for the Determination of the Novel Antidepressant Vilazodone: Electrochemical Sensing Using a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode in Surfactant‐Containing Media
AU - Birdem Bersu İlvan
AU - Ipek Kucuk
AU - Selenay Sadak
AU - Hülya Silah
AU - Bengi Uslu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/22
JO - ChemistryOpen
DO - 10.1002/open.70298
UR - https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/open.70298
AB - A novel, highly sensitive surfactant‐supported method was developed for vilazodone (VLD) determination using a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode. This study represents the first VLD detection on a BDD electrode and the first application of surfactant‐supported voltammetry for this antidepressant. The electrochemical behavior of VLD was evaluated at different pH values using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The peak potential shifted negatively up to pH 7.0 and stabilized thereafter, indicating a proton‐involved oxidation mechanism with a pKa near 7.0. The effects of CTAB, SDS, and Tween 20 were investigated, with Tween 20 providing the greatest peak‐current enhancement due to its nonionic character, interfacial organization, and microcolloidal environment, improving mass transport and suppressing adsorption‐controlled pathways. Under optimized conditions, excellent linearity ( R ² >0.988) was obtained over 5.0 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ –1.0 × 10 ⁻⁶ M. Recoveries of 98%–102% were achieved in pharmaceutical formulations and spiked human serum samples, demonstrating applicability to complex matrices. Density functional theory calculations showed highest occupied molecular orbital localization mainly over the nitrogen‐containing conjugated region and partly on the piperazine moiety, supporting piperazine nitrogen involvement in anodic oxidation. The proposed DPV‐BDD platform provides a rapid, sensitive, and reliable approach for VLD analysis with nonionic surfactant‐assisted signal enhancement.
SN - 2191-1363
SN - 2191-1363
ER -