Phytochemical Characterization, Mineral Composition, and Biological Activities of Leaf Extracts: Influence of Geographical and Climatic Variations in Algeria
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the influence of geographical origin and climatic conditions in Algeria on the phytochemical profile, mineral composition, and biological activities of hydro-ethanolic leaf extracts from Lippia citriodora . Methods Samples (LC1–LC4) were collected from four distinct regions. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured, and biological potential was assessed via antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP), photoprotective (SPF), anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, larvicidal, enzymatic inhibition assays (AChE, BChE, α-amylase, tyrosinase, and urease). Statistical significance was determined using ANOVA and t-tests. Results Environmental stress in the arid region (Ghardaia, LC4) stimulated the highest antioxidant capacity (DPPH IC 50 = 38.87 µg/mL). All extracts exhibited excellent photoprotective properties with SPF values exceeding 39. The most significant variations were observed in enzymatic assays: the extract from the sub-coastal region (Tipaza, LC3) was identified as the most potent tyrosinase inhibitor (67.35% inhibition at 3.125 µg/mL; p < 0.01 vs. LC4) and the only sample active against α-amylase. Urease inhibition remained high across all regions (IC 50 < 20 µg/mL). Extract (Jijel, LC 1) being the only sample to exhibit significant antibacterial activity. Extracts (Djelfa, LC2) and LC4 displayed lower toxicity, both presenting higher LD 50 values (269.15 µg/mL). Conclusions : The multidisciplinary screening of L . citriodora leaves extracts proves that environmental stress factors across Algerian regions (arid, semi-arid, and humid) create distinct ‘chemical signatures’. The arid region (Ghardaia) optimizes protective metabolites, while the humid coastal regions (Jijel, Tipaza) trigger the synthesis of aggressive defense molecules (antibacterial and larvicidal). This regional differentiation allows for the strategic selection of raw materials tailored to specific industrial needs. The selection of the cultivation site is crucial for achieving specific therapeutic outcomes, with sub-coastal regions favoring enzymatic inhibition and arid regions maximizing antioxidant potential.
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BibTeX
@article{berkoune2026phytochemical,
title = {{Phytochemical Characterization, Mineral Composition, and Biological Activities of Leaf Extracts: Influence of Geographical and Climatic Variations in Algeria}},
author = {Hayet Berkoune and Dahmane Dahmane and Mokhtar Benmohamed and Fahima Abdellatif and Latifa Khattabi and Khaled Aggoun and Khalil Guelifet and Saad Mechraoui and Zohra Chakrar and Barbara Sawicka and Ayomide Victor Atoki and Soumeya Krimat and Soumia Merah and Tahar Dob and Samira Tata and Mohammed Messaoudi},
journal = {Natural Product Communications},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.1177/1934578x261504572},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x261504572},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Phytochemical Characterization, Mineral Composition, and Biological Activities of Leaf Extracts: Influence of Geographical and Climatic Variations in Algeria
AU - Hayet Berkoune
AU - Dahmane Dahmane
AU - Mokhtar Benmohamed
AU - Fahima Abdellatif
AU - Latifa Khattabi
AU - Khaled Aggoun
AU - Khalil Guelifet
AU - Saad Mechraoui
AU - Zohra Chakrar
AU - Barbara Sawicka
AU - Ayomide Victor Atoki
AU - Soumeya Krimat
AU - Soumia Merah
AU - Tahar Dob
AU - Samira Tata
AU - Mohammed Messaoudi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/04
JO - Natural Product Communications
DO - 10.1177/1934578x261504572
UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x261504572
AB - Objective This study evaluated the influence of geographical origin and climatic conditions in Algeria on the phytochemical profile, mineral composition, and biological activities of hydro-ethanolic leaf extracts from Lippia citriodora . Methods Samples (LC1–LC4) were collected from four distinct regions. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured, and biological potential was assessed via antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP), photoprotective (SPF), anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, larvicidal, enzymatic inhibition assays (AChE, BChE, α-amylase, tyrosinase, and urease). Statistical significance was determined using ANOVA and t-tests. Results Environmental stress in the arid region (Ghardaia, LC4) stimulated the highest antioxidant capacity (DPPH IC 50 = 38.87 µg/mL). All extracts exhibited excellent photoprotective properties with SPF values exceeding 39. The most significant variations were observed in enzymatic assays: the extract from the sub-coastal region (Tipaza, LC3) was identified as the most potent tyrosinase inhibitor (67.35% inhibition at 3.125 µg/mL; p < 0.01 vs. LC4) and the only sample active against α-amylase. Urease inhibition remained high across all regions (IC 50 < 20 µg/mL). Extract (Jijel, LC 1) being the only sample to exhibit significant antibacterial activity. Extracts (Djelfa, LC2) and LC4 displayed lower toxicity, both presenting higher LD 50 values (269.15 µg/mL). Conclusions : The multidisciplinary screening of L . citriodora leaves extracts proves that environmental stress factors across Algerian regions (arid, semi-arid, and humid) create distinct ‘chemical signatures’. The arid region (Ghardaia) optimizes protective metabolites, while the humid coastal regions (Jijel, Tipaza) trigger the synthesis of aggressive defense molecules (antibacterial and larvicidal). This regional differentiation allows for the strategic selection of raw materials tailored to specific industrial needs. The selection of the cultivation site is crucial for achieving specific therapeutic outcomes, with sub-coastal regions favoring enzymatic inhibition and arid regions maximizing antioxidant potential.
SN - 1555-9475
SN - 1934-578X
ER -