A non-randomized trial of the effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on cognitive performance and resting state connectivity
- 1The Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , , ,
- 2The Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , , ,
Abstract
Background: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has shown promise for enhancing cognition and emotion regulation. To date, most human studies have focused on narrow learning paradigms that limit our understanding of how taVNS influences complex, integrative cognitive operations. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of taVNS are still not well understood.
Objective: Building on preclinical findings that vagus nerve stimulation enhances cognitive flexibility and memory in animal models, this study investigated whether acute taVNS can modulate executive function and neural connectivity in healthy adults.
Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design, forty healthy participants received either active or sham taVNS while completing executive function tasks and adaptive cognitive training (BrainHQ). High-density electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during stimulation to assess cortical activity and functional connectivity across frequency bands.
Results: Multivariate analyses demonstrated significant effects of taVNS on cognitive function and EEG. Post-hoc group comparisons showed that compared to sham stimulation, active taVNS was associated with improved BrainHQ performance and decreased delta-band connectivity in left frontal, central, and parietal regions. Delta-band connectivity during active taVNS was positively associated with pre-to-post improvements in mood. No difference in executive function tasks was found between active and sham taVNS. Sensitivity analyses using adjusted models showed that these effects were sensitive to age, sex, and education.
Conclusion: By evaluating multiple dimensions of executive function, these exploratory findings suggest that active taVNS may influence selected aspects of executive performance and frontal–parietal delta connectivity, potentially reflecting enhanced neural efficiency arising from the interaction between vagally mediated neuromodulation and continuously adaptive cognitive demands. However, these effects did not survive multiple-comparison correction and should therefore be interpreted cautiously and replicated in larger, prospectively powered studies.
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BibTeX
@article{filbey2026nonrandomized,
title = {{A non-randomized trial of the effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on cognitive performance and resting state connectivity}},
author = {F. M. Filbey and C. Tyler Short and A. Leazure and N. E. Nekoui and T. Brown and S. Kroener and C. Liu},
journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2026.1801066},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13719446},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - A non-randomized trial of the effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on cognitive performance and resting state connectivity
AU - F. M. Filbey
AU - C. Tyler Short
AU - A. Leazure
AU - N. E. Nekoui
AU - T. Brown
AU - S. Kroener
AU - C. Liu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/16
JO - Frontiers in human neuroscience
DO - 10.3389/fnhum.2026.1801066
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13719446
AB - Background: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has shown promise for enhancing cognition and emotion regulation. To date, most human studies have focused on narrow learning paradigms that limit our understanding of how taVNS influences complex, integrative cognitive operations. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of taVNS are still not well understood. Objective: Building on preclinical findings that vagus nerve stimulation enhances cognitive flexibility and memory in animal models, this study investigated whether acute taVNS can modulate executive function and neural connectivity in healthy adults. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design, forty healthy participants received either active or sham taVNS while completing executive function tasks and adaptive cognitive training (BrainHQ). High-density electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during stimulation to assess cortical activity and functional connectivity across frequency bands. Results: Multivariate analyses demonstrated significant effects of taVNS on cognitive function and EEG. Post-hoc group comparisons showed that compared to sham stimulation, active taVNS was associated with improved BrainHQ performance and decreased delta-band connectivity in left frontal, central, and parietal regions. Delta-band connectivity during active taVNS was positively associated with pre-to-post improvements in mood. No difference in executive function tasks was found between active and sham taVNS. Sensitivity analyses using adjusted models showed that these effects were sensitive to age, sex, and education. Conclusion: By evaluating multiple dimensions of executive function, these exploratory findings suggest that active taVNS may influence selected aspects of executive performance and frontal–parietal delta connectivity, potentially reflecting enhanced neural efficiency arising from the interaction between vagally mediated neuromodulation and continuously adaptive cognitive demands. However, these effects did not survive multiple-comparison correction and should therefore be interpreted cautiously and replicated in larger, prospectively powered studies.
SN - 1662-5161
ER -