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PreprintarXiv licencearXiv

Input-output formulation of quantum light spectroscopy

  • Liwen Ko
  • Robert L. Cook
  • K. Birgitta Whaley
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Abstract

We develop an input-output formulation of quantum light spectroscopy (QLS) by combining the input-output theory, commonly used in quantum optics, with the perturbative expansion method for nonlinear spectroscopy, commonly used in chemical physics. The use of the input-output relation provides physical intuition for how matter systems alter the photon input field. As examples, we consider linear spectroscopy, fluorescence, intra-beam G(2), and Hong-Ou-Mandel correlation. For certain initial photon states, we show that signal expectation values can be evaluated non-perturbatively. For general initial photon states, the signals can be computed via a perturbative expansion of the input-output relation. The input-output relation reduces the work needed to perturbatively expand the optical signal, allowing for cleaner derivations and clearer physical interpretations.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{ko2026inputoutput,
  title = {{Input-output formulation of quantum light spectroscopy}},
  author = {Liwen Ko and Robert L. Cook and K. Birgitta Whaley},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.38533},
  eprint = {2609.38533},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38533},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Input-output formulation of quantum light spectroscopy
AU  - Liwen Ko
AU  - Robert L. Cook
AU  - K. Birgitta Whaley
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/29
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.38533
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38533
AB  - We develop an input-output formulation of quantum light spectroscopy (QLS) by combining the input-output theory, commonly used in quantum optics, with the perturbative expansion method for nonlinear spectroscopy, commonly used in chemical physics. The use of the input-output relation provides physical intuition for how matter systems alter the photon input field. As examples, we consider linear spectroscopy, fluorescence, intra-beam G^(2), and Hong-Ou-Mandel correlation. For certain initial photon states, we show that signal expectation values can be evaluated non-perturbatively. For general initial photon states, the signals can be computed via a perturbative expansion of the input-output relation. The input-output relation reduces the work needed to perturbatively expand the optical signal, allowing for cleaner derivations and clearer physical interpretations.
ER  -