Biosynthesis, characterization, and acaricidal activity of silver nanoparticles from Ficus carica leaf extract against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks, a Vector of Bacterial Pathogens".
8 affiliations
- 1Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
- 2Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
- 3Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal, eInocuidad, INIFAP, Km 11 Carretera Federal Cuernavaca Cuautla, No. 8534, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos, CP 62550, Mexico.
- 4Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- 5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia.
- 6Department of Biolog, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
- 7Evangelical College, N' Djamena City, BP 1200, Chad. [email protected].
- 8Department of Zoology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, 24420, Pakistan. [email protected].
Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus is a significant ectoparasite of cattle and the emergence of resistance to acaricides has created a need for developing sustainable approaches to its control. The purpose of this study was to prepare green silver nanoparticles with the aqueous extract of the leaves of Ficus carica and assess the acaricidal activity of these nanoparticles against Rhipicephalus microplus. The nanoparticle formation at 429 nm, crystalline structure, spherical morphology and elemental composition of silver were confirmed using the methods of ultravio-let spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and ener-gy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The acaricidal activity was tested at 5-60 mg/mL in both larval packet and adult immersion bioassays. The nanoparticles and cypermethrin reduced larval mortality by 100% and 94% respectively, after 48 h, and oviposition inhibition was 84.79% and 87.53% respectively when used at 60 mg/mL. The study of molecular docking of the compounds resulted in 2 H-1-Benzopyran-2-one being the most active compound with a binding affinity of - 8.2 kcal/mol with the membrane associated progesterone receptor component protein of Rhipicephalus microplus. The results revealed that the green synthesized Ficus carica silver nanoparticles exhibit significant acaricidal activity and are good candidates for environmentally friendly tick control.Clinical trial: Not applicable.
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BibTeX
@article{malak2026biosynthesis,
title = {{Biosynthesis, characterization, and acaricidal activity of silver nanoparticles from Ficus carica leaf extract against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks, a Vector of Bacterial Pathogens".}},
author = {Nosheen Malak and Shakir Ullah and Awais Qarni and Afshan Khan and Sadaf Niaz and Raquel Cossio Bayugar and Hina Ali and Musa A Said and Fatmah M Alqahtani and Youssouf Ali Younous and Adil Khan},
journal = {Discover nano},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1186/s11671-026-05049-9},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42963513},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Biosynthesis, characterization, and acaricidal activity of silver nanoparticles from Ficus carica leaf extract against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks, a Vector of Bacterial Pathogens".
AU - Nosheen Malak
AU - Shakir Ullah
AU - Awais Qarni
AU - Afshan Khan
AU - Sadaf Niaz
AU - Raquel Cossio Bayugar
AU - Hina Ali
AU - Musa A Said
AU - Fatmah M Alqahtani
AU - Youssouf Ali Younous
AU - Adil Khan
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
JO - Discover nano
DO - 10.1186/s11671-026-05049-9
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42963513
AB - Rhipicephalus microplus is a significant ectoparasite of cattle and the emergence of resistance to acaricides has created a need for developing sustainable approaches to its control. The purpose of this study was to prepare green silver nanoparticles with the aqueous extract of the leaves of Ficus carica and assess the acaricidal activity of these nanoparticles against Rhipicephalus microplus. The nanoparticle formation at 429 nm, crystalline structure, spherical morphology and elemental composition of silver were confirmed using the methods of ultravio-let spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and ener-gy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The acaricidal activity was tested at 5-60 mg/mL in both larval packet and adult immersion bioassays. The nanoparticles and cypermethrin reduced larval mortality by 100% and 94% respectively, after 48 h, and oviposition inhibition was 84.79% and 87.53% respectively when used at 60 mg/mL. The study of molecular docking of the compounds resulted in 2 H-1-Benzopyran-2-one being the most active compound with a binding affinity of - 8.2 kcal/mol with the membrane associated progesterone receptor component protein of Rhipicephalus microplus. The results revealed that the green synthesized Ficus carica silver nanoparticles exhibit significant acaricidal activity and are good candidates for environmentally friendly tick control.Clinical trial: Not applicable.
SN - 2731-9229
ER -