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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

Immunomodulatory Probiotics in Psoriasis: Effects on the Gut–Skin–Immune Crosstalk and Systemic Inflammation

  • Ahmed Hussein Hasan Alshihmani1,2
  • Mahmoud Mahmoudi1,2
  • Ramiar Kamal Kheder3,4
  • Maryam Ahmadi-Khorram5,6
  • Afsane Fadaee1,2
  • Dariush Haghmorad7
  • Mohammad Hossein Shams8
  • Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili1,2
8 affiliations
  1. 1Immunology Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran mums.ac.ir
  2. 2Immunology Department Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran mums.ac.ir
  3. 3Medical Laboratory Science Department College of Science University of Raparin Rania Sulaymaniyah Iraq uor.edu.krd
  4. 4Department of Medical Analysis Faculty of Applied Science Tishk International University Erbil Iraq tiu.edu.iq
  5. 5Department of Nutrition Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran mums.ac.ir
  6. 6Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran mums.ac.ir
  7. 7Department of Immunology School of Medicine Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran semums.ac.ir
  8. 8Hepatitis Research Center and Department of Medical Immunology School of Medicine Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Khorramabad Iran lums.ac.ir
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Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by dysregulated immune responses and excessive keratinocyte proliferation, with substantial effects on patients’ quality of life. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and the gut–skin–immune axis may contribute to systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation associated with psoriasis. This narrative review examines the potential immunomodulatory role of probiotics in psoriasis, with particular emphasis on strain‐specific biological effects and the mechanisms linking intestinal microbial modulation to psoriasis‐related inflammation. Probiotics may influence intestinal microbial composition, epithelial barrier integrity, microbial metabolite production, and immune signaling. Clinical studies have reported potential improvements in psoriasis severity, inflammatory biomarkers, or quality of life following probiotic supplementation; however, the available evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, with substantial variation in probiotic strains, formulations, doses, treatment durations, concomitant therapies, and clinical outcomes. Unlike previous systematic reviews and meta‐analyses that primarily summarize clinical outcomes, this review integrates clinical findings with strain‐specific mechanistic and experimental evidence to provide a biologically contextualized interpretation of the potential role of probiotics in psoriasis.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{alshihmani2026immunomodulatory,
  title = {{Immunomodulatory Probiotics in Psoriasis: Effects on the Gut–Skin–Immune Crosstalk and Systemic Inflammation}},
  author = {Ahmed Hussein Hasan Alshihmani and Mahmoud Mahmoudi and Ramiar Kamal Kheder and Maryam Ahmadi-Khorram and Afsane Fadaee and Dariush Haghmorad and Mohammad Hossein Shams and Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili},
  journal = {Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1155/jnme/7365660},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/7365660},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Immunomodulatory Probiotics in Psoriasis: Effects on the Gut–Skin–Immune Crosstalk and Systemic Inflammation
AU  - Ahmed Hussein Hasan Alshihmani
AU  - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
AU  - Ramiar Kamal Kheder
AU  - Maryam Ahmadi-Khorram
AU  - Afsane Fadaee
AU  - Dariush Haghmorad
AU  - Mohammad Hossein Shams
AU  - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/01
JO  - Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
DO  - 10.1155/jnme/7365660
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/7365660
AB  - Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by dysregulated immune responses and excessive keratinocyte proliferation, with substantial effects on patients’ quality of life. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and the gut–skin–immune axis may contribute to systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation associated with psoriasis. This narrative review examines the potential immunomodulatory role of probiotics in psoriasis, with particular emphasis on strain‐specific biological effects and the mechanisms linking intestinal microbial modulation to psoriasis‐related inflammation. Probiotics may influence intestinal microbial composition, epithelial barrier integrity, microbial metabolite production, and immune signaling. Clinical studies have reported potential improvements in psoriasis severity, inflammatory biomarkers, or quality of life following probiotic supplementation; however, the available evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, with substantial variation in probiotic strains, formulations, doses, treatment durations, concomitant therapies, and clinical outcomes. Unlike previous systematic reviews and meta‐analyses that primarily summarize clinical outcomes, this review integrates clinical findings with strain‐specific mechanistic and experimental evidence to provide a biologically contextualized interpretation of the potential role of probiotics in psoriasis.
SN  - 2090-0724
SN  - 2090-0732
ER  -