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Peer-reviewedCC BYFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine

Temporal trends and disparities in mesenteric ischemia–associated cardiovascular mortality among U.S. adults aged ≥45 years, 1999–2023

  • Muhammad Atif Mazhar1
  • Taha Alam2
  • Yusra Fazli3
  • Dhvanit Rajdeep4
  • Bhaskar Kambhampati5
  • Usama Tufail6
  • Muhammad Mukhlis7
  • Sohaima Kamal2
  • Noor Un Nisa8
  • Rafiullah Hotak9
  • Sadia Qazi1
9 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University , ,
  2. 2Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences , ,
  3. 3Department of Medicine, Ziauddin University , ,
  4. 4Department of Medicine, Caucasus International University , ,
  5. 5Department of Medicine, Rangaraya Medical College , ,
  6. 6Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University , ,
  7. 7Department of Medicine, Ayub Medical College , ,
  8. 8Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University , ,
  9. 9Nangarhar University Faculty of Medicine , ,
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Abstract

Background: Mesenteric ischemia (MI) is a highly fatal vascular condition associated with cardiovascular disease, but long-term national mortality patterns remain poorly described.

Objective: To evaluate national mortality trends, demographic heterogeneity, and geographic variations in MI and cardiovascular mortality among U.S. adults aged ≥45 years from 1999 to 2023.

Methods: We conducted a population-based analysis using CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death data. AAMRs per 100,000 population were computed, and temporal trends were evaluated using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent changes (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals. The analyses were stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, age group, urbanization, and census region.

Results: From 1999 to 2023, 61,543 deaths involving MI and cardiovascular diseases were recorded. The overall AAMR declined from 4.68 in 1999 to 1.47 in 2023, with an AAPC of −4.73% (95% CI: −5.16 to −4.30). Mortality decreased significantly until 2015 (APC: −6.86), followed by an increase thereafter (APC: +1.25). Women consistently had higher mortality than men and experienced a significant post-2016 increase, whereas men's rates plateaued. Non-Hispanic (NH) Black adults had the highest early rates (5.21 in 1999) and experienced a significant rise after 2016 (APC: 2.87%). Adults aged 45–64 years experienced the sharpest reversal, with mortality rising after 2013. Regionally, the South showed the greatest late increase, and urban–rural disparities persisted. Most deaths occurred in inpatient medical facilities (85.65%).

Conclusion: After nearly two decades of decline, MI-associated cardiovascular mortality has rebounded in the U.S. since 2015, underscoring the need for renewed prevention and equity-focused care.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{mazhar2026temporal,
  title = {{Temporal trends and disparities in mesenteric ischemia–associated cardiovascular mortality among U.S. adults aged ≥45 years, 1999–2023}},
  author = {Muhammad Atif Mazhar and Taha Alam and Yusra Fazli and Dhvanit Rajdeep and Bhaskar Kambhampati and Usama Tufail and Muhammad Mukhlis and Sohaima Kamal and Noor Un Nisa and Rafiullah Hotak and Sadia Qazi},
  journal = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fcvm.2026.1920942},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13690645},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Temporal trends and disparities in mesenteric ischemia–associated cardiovascular mortality among U.S. adults aged ≥45 years, 1999–2023
AU  - Muhammad Atif Mazhar
AU  - Taha Alam
AU  - Yusra Fazli
AU  - Dhvanit Rajdeep
AU  - Bhaskar Kambhampati
AU  - Usama Tufail
AU  - Muhammad Mukhlis
AU  - Sohaima Kamal
AU  - Noor Un Nisa
AU  - Rafiullah Hotak
AU  - Sadia Qazi
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/09
JO  - Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine
DO  - 10.3389/fcvm.2026.1920942
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13690645
AB  - Background: Mesenteric ischemia (MI) is a highly fatal vascular condition associated with cardiovascular disease, but long-term national mortality patterns remain poorly described.  Objective: To evaluate national mortality trends, demographic heterogeneity, and geographic variations in MI and cardiovascular mortality among U.S. adults aged ≥45 years from 1999 to 2023.  Methods: We conducted a population-based analysis using CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death data. AAMRs per 100,000 population were computed, and temporal trends were evaluated using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent changes (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals. The analyses were stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, age group, urbanization, and census region.  Results: From 1999 to 2023, 61,543 deaths involving MI and cardiovascular diseases were recorded. The overall AAMR declined from 4.68 in 1999 to 1.47 in 2023, with an AAPC of −4.73% (95% CI: −5.16 to −4.30). Mortality decreased significantly until 2015 (APC: −6.86), followed by an increase thereafter (APC: +1.25). Women consistently had higher mortality than men and experienced a significant post-2016 increase, whereas men's rates plateaued. Non-Hispanic (NH) Black adults had the highest early rates (5.21 in 1999) and experienced a significant rise after 2016 (APC: 2.87%). Adults aged 45–64 years experienced the sharpest reversal, with mortality rising after 2013. Regionally, the South showed the greatest late increase, and urban–rural disparities persisted. Most deaths occurred in inpatient medical facilities (85.65%).  Conclusion: After nearly two decades of decline, MI-associated cardiovascular mortality has rebounded in the U.S. since 2015, underscoring the need for renewed prevention and equity-focused care.
SN  - 2297-055X
ER  -