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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NCJournal of pain research

Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms and Pain-Related Outcomes in Nonsurgical Chronic Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

  • Nazanin Ahmadi1
  • Tahere Seyedhoseinpoor2
  • Farnaz Babaei1
  • Hamed Ahmadian3
  • Hossein-Ali Nikbakht4
  • Alireza Azizi5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
  2. 2Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
  3. 3Department of Neurosurgery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
  4. 4Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
  5. 5Department of Psychiatry, Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Abstract

Objective

To examine the associations of depressive and anxiety symptoms with pain intensity and disability in patients with chronic symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis.Design

Cross-sectional observational study.Setting

A single-center outpatient orthopedic and spine clinic at Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran.Subjects

One hundred twelve consecutive patients with magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed lumbar spinal stenosis, aged 40 years or older, with symptoms lasting at least 3 months, were recruited from an outpatient orthopedic and spine clinic and evaluated by an expert neurosurgeon for eligibility. Eligible patients were not candidates for surgery and were assessed before receiving treatment.Methods

Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Pain intensity and disability were measured using the Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index. Associations were examined using univariate and multivariable linear regression models adjusted for prespecified demographic and clinical covariates.Results

In the fully adjusted model, higher depressive symptom scores were associated with greater pain intensity (regression coefficient = 0.079, 95% confidence interval = 0.018 to 0.141, P = 0.012) and disability (regression coefficient = 0.684, 95% confidence interval = 0.372 to 0.997, P < 0.001). Higher anxiety symptom scores were associated with greater disability (regression coefficient = 0.662, 95% confidence interval = 0.325 to 0.962, P < 0.001), but not with pain intensity (regression coefficient = 0.026, 95% confidence interval = -0.033 to 0.086, P = 0.386).Conclusion

Depressive symptoms were associated with greater pain intensity and disability, whereas anxiety symptoms were associated with disability but not pain intensity. These findings indicate associations between depressive and anxiety symptoms and pain intensity and disability in patients with chronic symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis and should not be interpreted as evidence of causal relationships. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine temporal and causal relationships.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{ahmadi2026depressive,
  title = {{Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms and Pain-Related Outcomes in Nonsurgical Chronic Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.}},
  author = {Nazanin Ahmadi and Tahere Seyedhoseinpoor and Farnaz Babaei and Hamed Ahmadian and Hossein-Ali Nikbakht and Alireza Azizi},
  journal = {Journal of pain research},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.2147/jpr.s650669},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923732},
  note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms and Pain-Related Outcomes in Nonsurgical Chronic Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.
AU  - Nazanin Ahmadi
AU  - Tahere Seyedhoseinpoor
AU  - Farnaz Babaei
AU  - Hamed Ahmadian
AU  - Hossein-Ali Nikbakht
AU  - Alireza Azizi
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/17
JO  - Journal of pain research
DO  - 10.2147/jpr.s650669
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923732
AB  - Objective  To examine the associations of depressive and anxiety symptoms with pain intensity and disability in patients with chronic symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis.Design  Cross-sectional observational study.Setting  A single-center outpatient orthopedic and spine clinic at Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran.Subjects  One hundred twelve consecutive patients with magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed lumbar spinal stenosis, aged 40 years or older, with symptoms lasting at least 3 months, were recruited from an outpatient orthopedic and spine clinic and evaluated by an expert neurosurgeon for eligibility. Eligible patients were not candidates for surgery and were assessed before receiving treatment.Methods  Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Pain intensity and disability were measured using the Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index. Associations were examined using univariate and multivariable linear regression models adjusted for prespecified demographic and clinical covariates.Results  In the fully adjusted model, higher depressive symptom scores were associated with greater pain intensity (regression coefficient = 0.079, 95% confidence interval = 0.018 to 0.141, P = 0.012) and disability (regression coefficient = 0.684, 95% confidence interval = 0.372 to 0.997, P < 0.001). Higher anxiety symptom scores were associated with greater disability (regression coefficient = 0.662, 95% confidence interval = 0.325 to 0.962, P < 0.001), but not with pain intensity (regression coefficient = 0.026, 95% confidence interval = -0.033 to 0.086, P = 0.386).Conclusion  Depressive symptoms were associated with greater pain intensity and disability, whereas anxiety symptoms were associated with disability but not pain intensity. These findings indicate associations between depressive and anxiety symptoms and pain intensity and disability in patients with chronic symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis and should not be interpreted as evidence of causal relationships. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine temporal and causal relationships.
SN  - 1178-7090
ER  -