Dyeing and Multifunctional Finishing of Cotton Fabrics Using Ethiopian Rumex steudelii Root Extract: Response Surface Optimization, LC-MS/MS Phytochemical Profiling, and Antibacterial and UV-Protective Performance
- 1Wollo University , , ,
Abstract
Textile finishing increasingly demands sustainable, multifunctional alternatives to synthetic dyes and biocides. This study developed a single-bath, metal-free strategy to simultaneously color and biofunctionalize 100% cotton fabric using Rumex steudelii root extract. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was optimized by response surface methodology (central composite design, CD); experimental yield ranged from 29.95% to 40.13% across the design space. The desirability-based optimum, selected to minimize temperature, time, and solvent use, was ≈55 °C, 32 min, and a 10 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, a predicting yield of 34.51%, which was confirmed experimentally (33.90 ± 0.18%, prediction error 1.77%). LC-MS/MS annotated 27 constituents (24 confirmed with authentic standards), dominated by flavonoids (35.38%), phenolic acids (22.25%), and anthraquinones (19.28%), providing a chemical basis for coupling coloration with bioactivity. Dyeing with the extract alone, or with citric acid or tannic acid as green cross-linkers, produced three distinct, reproducible shades (golden yellow, burnt orange, and earth brown) with color strength (K/S) of 4.42 to 10.34, and washing, rubbing, and light fastness improved to grades of 4/5–5. Cross-linked fabrics achieved excellent UV protection (UPF up to 56) and strong antibacterial activity, reducing Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli counts by up to 99.8 ± 0.23% and 97.3 ± 0.81%, respectively. By integrating RSM-optimized extraction, LC-MS/MS-resolved phytochemical mapping, and single-bath, metal-free cross-linking in one process, this work establishes Rumex steudelii as a promising platform for multifunctional natural textile finishing, with potential for scale-up pending pilot-scale validation.
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BibTeX
@article{abera2026dyeing,
title = {{Dyeing and Multifunctional Finishing of Cotton Fabrics Using Ethiopian Rumex steudelii Root Extract: Response Surface Optimization, LC-MS/MS Phytochemical Profiling, and Antibacterial and UV-Protective Performance}},
author = {Adisu Yirga Abera and Fenta Mehabie Kidie and Seid Shiferaw Yimam and Leykun Fentaw Mahtemu},
journal = {ACS Omega},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1021/acsomega.6c09374},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c09374/5453906/Dyeing-and-Multifunctional-Finishing-of-Cotton},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Dyeing and Multifunctional Finishing of Cotton Fabrics Using Ethiopian Rumex steudelii Root Extract: Response Surface Optimization, LC-MS/MS Phytochemical Profiling, and Antibacterial and UV-Protective Performance
AU - Adisu Yirga Abera
AU - Fenta Mehabie Kidie
AU - Seid Shiferaw Yimam
AU - Leykun Fentaw Mahtemu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/19
JO - ACS Omega
DO - 10.1021/acsomega.6c09374
UR - https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c09374/5453906/Dyeing-and-Multifunctional-Finishing-of-Cotton
AB - Textile finishing increasingly demands sustainable, multifunctional alternatives to synthetic dyes and biocides. This study developed a single-bath, metal-free strategy to simultaneously color and biofunctionalize 100% cotton fabric using Rumex steudelii root extract. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was optimized by response surface methodology (central composite design, CD); experimental yield ranged from 29.95% to 40.13% across the design space. The desirability-based optimum, selected to minimize temperature, time, and solvent use, was ≈55 °C, 32 min, and a 10 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, a predicting yield of 34.51%, which was confirmed experimentally (33.90 ± 0.18%, prediction error 1.77%). LC-MS/MS annotated 27 constituents (24 confirmed with authentic standards), dominated by flavonoids (35.38%), phenolic acids (22.25%), and anthraquinones (19.28%), providing a chemical basis for coupling coloration with bioactivity. Dyeing with the extract alone, or with citric acid or tannic acid as green cross-linkers, produced three distinct, reproducible shades (golden yellow, burnt orange, and earth brown) with color strength (K/S) of 4.42 to 10.34, and washing, rubbing, and light fastness improved to grades of 4/5–5. Cross-linked fabrics achieved excellent UV protection (UPF up to 56) and strong antibacterial activity, reducing Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli counts by up to 99.8 ± 0.23% and 97.3 ± 0.81%, respectively. By integrating RSM-optimized extraction, LC-MS/MS-resolved phytochemical mapping, and single-bath, metal-free cross-linking in one process, this work establishes Rumex steudelii as a promising platform for multifunctional natural textile finishing, with potential for scale-up pending pilot-scale validation.
SN - 2470-1343
ER -