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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Nano Letters

Erbium Probes of Magnetic Order in a van der Waals Material

  • Guadalupe García-Arellano1
  • Gabriel I. López-Morales2
  • Kang Xu1
  • Samra Husremović3
  • Jiayi Li3
  • Arun Ramanathan3
  • Xavier Roy3
  • Cyrus E. Dreyer2,4
  • Carlos A. Meriles1,5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
  2. 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, United States
  3. 3Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
  4. 4Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
  5. 5CUNY-Graduate Center, New York, New York 10016, United States
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Abstract

Embedded atomic emitters offer a complementary approach to characterizing magnetism in two-dimensional materials by accessing the magnetic environment from within. Here, we demonstrate that ion-implanted Er3+ centers act as internal optical probes in the van der Waals antiferromagnet CrSBr. Temperature-dependent telecom photoluminescence reveals signatures of the magnetic transition, persistent local magnetic behavior above the bulk Néel temperature, pronounced thermal hysteresis, and redistribution of optical spectral weight near the transition. Upon cooling, the Er resonances sharpen to the instrumental limit, pointing to remarkably homogeneous local environments despite implantation. Measurements spanning a 20-fold range of implantation fluence, structural characterization, and first-principles calculations suggest that the detected emission originates predominantly from an optically active subset of Er centers occupying well-defined environments and minimally perturbing the host magnetism. These results establish rare-earth defects as embedded probes of local magnetism and open opportunities for quantum-optical interrogation at individual lattice sites.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{garciaarellano2026erbium,
  title = {{Erbium Probes of Magnetic Order in a van der Waals Material}},
  author = {Guadalupe García-Arellano and Gabriel I. López-Morales and Kang Xu and Samra Husremović and Jiayi Li and Arun Ramanathan and Xavier Roy and Cyrus E. Dreyer and Carlos A. Meriles},
  journal = {Nano Letters},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c03698},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c03698},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Erbium Probes of Magnetic Order in a van der Waals Material
AU  - Guadalupe García-Arellano
AU  - Gabriel I. López-Morales
AU  - Kang Xu
AU  - Samra Husremović
AU  - Jiayi Li
AU  - Arun Ramanathan
AU  - Xavier Roy
AU  - Cyrus E. Dreyer
AU  - Carlos A. Meriles
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/13
JO  - Nano Letters
DO  - 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c03698
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c03698
AB  - Embedded atomic emitters offer a complementary approach to characterizing magnetism in two-dimensional materials by accessing the magnetic environment from within. Here, we demonstrate that ion-implanted Er3+ centers act as internal optical probes in the van der Waals antiferromagnet CrSBr. Temperature-dependent telecom photoluminescence reveals signatures of the magnetic transition, persistent local magnetic behavior above the bulk Néel temperature, pronounced thermal hysteresis, and redistribution of optical spectral weight near the transition. Upon cooling, the Er resonances sharpen to the instrumental limit, pointing to remarkably homogeneous local environments despite implantation. Measurements spanning a 20-fold range of implantation fluence, structural characterization, and first-principles calculations suggest that the detected emission originates predominantly from an optically active subset of Er centers occupying well-defined environments and minimally perturbing the host magnetism. These results establish rare-earth defects as embedded probes of local magnetism and open opportunities for quantum-optical interrogation at individual lattice sites.
SN  - 1530-6984
SN  - 1530-6992
ER  -