Valorization of endemic sigupai aceh rice husk as a renewable cellulose source for nanocellulose production via sulfuric acid hydrolysis.
9 affiliations
- 1Doctoral Program, School of Engineering Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Tgk. Chik Pante Kulu No. 5, Banda Aceh 23111, Darussalam, Indonesia.
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Darussalam, Indonesia. [email protected].
- 3Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Darussalam, Indonesia.
- 4Graduate School of Environmental Management, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Tgk. Chik Pante Kulu No. 5, Banda Aceh 23111, Darussalam, Indonesia.
- 5Research Center for Environmental and Natural Resources, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Hamzah Fansuri No. 4, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
- 6Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei, Brunei Darussalam.
- 7Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, 657-8501, Japan.
- 8Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- 9Department of Chemical and Engineering, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
Abstract
Endemic rice varieties can create locally abundant lignocellulosic residues. This study evaluates Sigupai rice husk, an Aceh endemic biomass, as a feedstock for cellulose nanocrystal production through alkaline delignification, hypochlorite bleaching and controlled sulfuric acid hydrolysis at 1, 2 and 3 mol/L. The work tests how increasing acid concentration affects yield, residual non-cellulosic material, crystallinity, surface chemistry and particle-size distribution. The products were assessed by gravimetry, moisture analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, powder X-ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering particle-size analysis. Increasing the acid concentration increased recovered nanocellulose yield from 18.23 to 21.30%, decreased the XRF-derived residual fraction from 3.279 to 0.253%, and increased the apparent Segal crystallinity index from 91.26 to 99.34%, while reducing moisture content and the DLS-derived mean diameter from 43.31 to 5.27 nm. The calculated complementary XRF fraction increased from 96.721 to 99.747%, but this value is not interpreted as direct cellulose purity because XRF is an elemental technique. FTIR bands supported removal of non-cellulosic components and the appearance of sulfate-ester functionality. XRD remained cellulose-I-dominated, with possible cellulose-II-like features at 3 mol/L that require more rigorous phase analysis for confirmation. Because independent replicate extractions and complementary TEM/AFM, zeta-potential and thermal analyses were not available, the concentration-dependent trends are interpreted descriptively. These results support Sigupai rice husk as a local renewable feedstock and identify acid concentration as a practical processing variable for tuning measured nanocellulose properties.
Related
- Sustainable production of pure nanocrystalline cellulose (NCCs) as a binder for enhanced aspirin tablets: Valorization of palm kernel waste
- From Cellulose to Nanocellulose: Functionalization Strategies and Applications in Biomedicine, Ecology, and Energy
- Hybrid Reinforcement of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Films with Nanocellulose, Bentonite, and Ceramic Industry Waste: Structural, Thermal, and Morphological Characterization
- Valorization of cotton waste into cellulose nanocrystals and their incorporation into electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous membranes with enhanced thermal and structural properties
- Valorization of Cannabis sativa Residual Biomass from Industrial CBD Extraction as a Renewable Support for Candida antarctica Lipase B Immobilization and Fatty Acid Esterification
BibTeX
@article{dzulhijjah2026valorization,
title = {{Valorization of endemic sigupai aceh rice husk as a renewable cellulose source for nanocellulose production via sulfuric acid hydrolysis.}},
author = {Wafiq Alni Dzulhijjah and Sri Aprilia and Nasrul Arahman and Sri Mulyati and Muhammad Roil Bilad and Erda Deng and Muhammad Prayogie Aulia and Keizo Nakagawa and Eiji Kamio and Ryosuke Takagi and Hideto Matsuyama},
journal = {Discover nano},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1186/s11671-026-04934-7},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42963500},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Valorization of endemic sigupai aceh rice husk as a renewable cellulose source for nanocellulose production via sulfuric acid hydrolysis.
AU - Wafiq Alni Dzulhijjah
AU - Sri Aprilia
AU - Nasrul Arahman
AU - Sri Mulyati
AU - Muhammad Roil Bilad
AU - Erda Deng
AU - Muhammad Prayogie Aulia
AU - Keizo Nakagawa
AU - Eiji Kamio
AU - Ryosuke Takagi
AU - Hideto Matsuyama
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
JO - Discover nano
DO - 10.1186/s11671-026-04934-7
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42963500
AB - Endemic rice varieties can create locally abundant lignocellulosic residues. This study evaluates Sigupai rice husk, an Aceh endemic biomass, as a feedstock for cellulose nanocrystal production through alkaline delignification, hypochlorite bleaching and controlled sulfuric acid hydrolysis at 1, 2 and 3 mol/L. The work tests how increasing acid concentration affects yield, residual non-cellulosic material, crystallinity, surface chemistry and particle-size distribution. The products were assessed by gravimetry, moisture analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, powder X-ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering particle-size analysis. Increasing the acid concentration increased recovered nanocellulose yield from 18.23 to 21.30%, decreased the XRF-derived residual fraction from 3.279 to 0.253%, and increased the apparent Segal crystallinity index from 91.26 to 99.34%, while reducing moisture content and the DLS-derived mean diameter from 43.31 to 5.27 nm. The calculated complementary XRF fraction increased from 96.721 to 99.747%, but this value is not interpreted as direct cellulose purity because XRF is an elemental technique. FTIR bands supported removal of non-cellulosic components and the appearance of sulfate-ester functionality. XRD remained cellulose-I-dominated, with possible cellulose-II-like features at 3 mol/L that require more rigorous phase analysis for confirmation. Because independent replicate extractions and complementary TEM/AFM, zeta-potential and thermal analyses were not available, the concentration-dependent trends are interpreted descriptively. These results support Sigupai rice husk as a local renewable feedstock and identify acid concentration as a practical processing variable for tuning measured nanocellulose properties.
SN - 2731-9229
ER -