From therapeutic landscape perception to revisit intention: the mediating role of restorative experience in Palandöken Urban Forest
- 1Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, Bingöl University
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines the mediating role of restorative experience in the associations between therapeutic landscape perception, visitor satisfaction, and revisit intention in Palandöken Urban Forest.
Methodology: A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was employed. Data were collected from 413 visitors through face-to-face questionnaires and analyzed using PLS-SEM in SmartPLS 4. Therapeutic landscape perception was measured through the natural, aesthetic, and social landscape dimensions. Because all focal variables were measured at the same time, structural paths and indirect effects are interpreted as associations consistent with the proposed model rather than as evidence of temporal or causal processes.
Findings: All dimensions of therapeutic landscape perception showed significant positive associations with restorative experience. Restorative experience was positively associated with both visitor satisfaction and revisit intention, while satisfaction was also positively associated with revisit intention. The model explained 48.7% of the variance in restorative experience, 54.7% of the variance in satisfaction, and 52.8% of the variance in revisit intention. Significant indirect effects were observed between the dimensions of therapeutic landscape perception and both visitor outcomes through restorative experience, consistent with the proposed partial-mediation pattern. The direct associations of the three landscape dimensions with revisit intention were statistically significant but very small in substantive magnitude ( f ² = 0.010–0.017).
Originality/value: Rather than proposing a new theoretical model, this study provides an incremental theoretical refinement by distinguishing therapeutic landscape perception as an appraisal of environmental qualities from restorative experience as a separate self-reported experiential state. The findings indicate that direct associations between landscape dimensions and revisit intention are weak in magnitude, whereas restorative experience and satisfaction occupy more prominent positions in the proposed pathway. The public-health relevance lies in clarifying how perceived therapeutic qualities and self-reported restoration are associated with continued recreational engagement with an accessible urban green space; satisfaction and revisit intention are treated as tourism/recreation outcomes, not as health outcomes.
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BibTeX
@article{goral2026from,
title = {{From therapeutic landscape perception to revisit intention: the mediating role of restorative experience in Palandöken Urban Forest}},
author = {Murat Göral},
journal = {Frontiers in Public Health},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2026.1946982},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1946982/full},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - From therapeutic landscape perception to revisit intention: the mediating role of restorative experience in Palandöken Urban Forest
AU - Murat Göral
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/13
JO - Frontiers in Public Health
DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1946982
UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1946982/full
AB - Purpose: This study examines the mediating role of restorative experience in the associations between therapeutic landscape perception, visitor satisfaction, and revisit intention in Palandöken Urban Forest. Methodology: A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was employed. Data were collected from 413 visitors through face-to-face questionnaires and analyzed using PLS-SEM in SmartPLS 4. Therapeutic landscape perception was measured through the natural, aesthetic, and social landscape dimensions. Because all focal variables were measured at the same time, structural paths and indirect effects are interpreted as associations consistent with the proposed model rather than as evidence of temporal or causal processes. Findings: All dimensions of therapeutic landscape perception showed significant positive associations with restorative experience. Restorative experience was positively associated with both visitor satisfaction and revisit intention, while satisfaction was also positively associated with revisit intention. The model explained 48.7% of the variance in restorative experience, 54.7% of the variance in satisfaction, and 52.8% of the variance in revisit intention. Significant indirect effects were observed between the dimensions of therapeutic landscape perception and both visitor outcomes through restorative experience, consistent with the proposed partial-mediation pattern. The direct associations of the three landscape dimensions with revisit intention were statistically significant but very small in substantive magnitude ( f ² = 0.010–0.017). Originality/value: Rather than proposing a new theoretical model, this study provides an incremental theoretical refinement by distinguishing therapeutic landscape perception as an appraisal of environmental qualities from restorative experience as a separate self-reported experiential state. The findings indicate that direct associations between landscape dimensions and revisit intention are weak in magnitude, whereas restorative experience and satisfaction occupy more prominent positions in the proposed pathway. The public-health relevance lies in clarifying how perceived therapeutic qualities and self-reported restoration are associated with continued recreational engagement with an accessible urban green space; satisfaction and revisit intention are treated as tourism/recreation outcomes, not as health outcomes.
SN - 2296-2565
ER -