Modulatory Effects of the Er,Cr:YSGG—Diode Laser Combination Irradiation on Human Osteoblasts—Might Be Relevant for Periapical Bone Regeneration?
4 affiliations
- 1The Interdisciplinary Center for Dental Research and Development, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19-21 Jean Louis Calderon, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- 3Asociacion Mexicana de Laser y Medicina Integrative, Ciudad de México 07850, Mexico
- 4Department of Organization, Professional Legislation and Management of the Dental Office, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated how Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation at three energy levels (1, 3, and 6 J/cm2), 810 nm diode irradiation, and their combinations can influence human osteoblast viability and osteogenic activity. Human osteoblasts (hOB) were assigned to eight groups: control, diode, Er,Cr:YSGG at 1, 3, and 6 J/cm2, and each Er,Cr:YSGG dose followed immediately by diode irradiation. 24 h after irradiation, metabolic activity (MTT), membrane integrity (LDH), nitric oxide (NO) production, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed, and cell morphology was tracked by holographic live-cell imaging. Cell viability and membrane integrity were preserved across all protocols (MTT p = 0.325; LDH p = 0.057; both n.s.), and live-cell imaging showed osteoblast morphology and proliferation. Diode irradiation significantly increased ALP activity versus control (12.96 vs. 5.40 IU/L; p = 0.011), confirming a biostimulatory osteogenic effect, whereas Er,Cr:YSGG at 6 J/cm2 almost completely suppressed ALP activity (0.42 IU/L; p < 0.001 vs. diode). Both Er,Cr:YSGG 3 J + diode and 6 J + diode combinations significantly attenuated the diode-induced ALP increase and NO elevation in a dose-dependent manner. No protocol was cytotoxic. The 810 nm diode laser was the most osteogenically favorable condition, whereas higher-energy Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation suppressed ALP activity and, when combined with the diode, attenuated its osteogenic effect.
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BibTeX
@article{ripszky2026modulatory,
title = {{Modulatory Effects of the Er,Cr:YSGG—Diode Laser Combination Irradiation on Human Osteoblasts—Might Be Relevant for Periapical Bone Regeneration?}},
author = {Alexandra Ripszky and Isaac Kably and Cristina Neculau and Bianca Voicu Balasea and Izet Melis and Sebastian Bancu and Ana Cernega and Radu Radulescu and Silviu Pituru},
journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3390/ijms27219839},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9839},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Modulatory Effects of the Er,Cr:YSGG—Diode Laser Combination Irradiation on Human Osteoblasts—Might Be Relevant for Periapical Bone Regeneration?
AU - Alexandra Ripszky
AU - Isaac Kably
AU - Cristina Neculau
AU - Bianca Voicu Balasea
AU - Izet Melis
AU - Sebastian Bancu
AU - Ana Cernega
AU - Radu Radulescu
AU - Silviu Pituru
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/03
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO - 10.3390/ijms27219839
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9839
AB - This in vitro study evaluated how Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation at three energy levels (1, 3, and 6 J/cm2), 810 nm diode irradiation, and their combinations can influence human osteoblast viability and osteogenic activity. Human osteoblasts (hOB) were assigned to eight groups: control, diode, Er,Cr:YSGG at 1, 3, and 6 J/cm2, and each Er,Cr:YSGG dose followed immediately by diode irradiation. 24 h after irradiation, metabolic activity (MTT), membrane integrity (LDH), nitric oxide (NO) production, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed, and cell morphology was tracked by holographic live-cell imaging. Cell viability and membrane integrity were preserved across all protocols (MTT p = 0.325; LDH p = 0.057; both n.s.), and live-cell imaging showed osteoblast morphology and proliferation. Diode irradiation significantly increased ALP activity versus control (12.96 vs. 5.40 IU/L; p = 0.011), confirming a biostimulatory osteogenic effect, whereas Er,Cr:YSGG at 6 J/cm2 almost completely suppressed ALP activity (0.42 IU/L; p < 0.001 vs. diode). Both Er,Cr:YSGG 3 J + diode and 6 J + diode combinations significantly attenuated the diode-induced ALP increase and NO elevation in a dose-dependent manner. No protocol was cytotoxic. The 810 nm diode laser was the most osteogenically favorable condition, whereas higher-energy Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation suppressed ALP activity and, when combined with the diode, attenuated its osteogenic effect.
SN - 1422-0067
ER -