Functional Biomaterials for Vascular Healing After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: From Surface Engineering to Clinical Translation
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Republic of Korea
- 2Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Republic of Korea
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) creates a dynamic blood–material–tissue interface in which thrombosis, inflammation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and endothelial recovery evolve simultaneously. This narrative review examines coronary biomaterials using a healing-centered translational framework that links material properties to molecular and cellular responses, tissue-level healing, measurable structural and functional phenotypes, and clinical outcomes. We review the evolution from bare-metal and drug-eluting stents to polymer-free systems, drug-coated balloons (DCBs), bioresorbable scaffolds, and bioactive or biomimetic surfaces. Particular emphasis is placed on strut geometry, polymer chemistry and degradation, drug-release kinetics, surface properties, corrosion behavior, endothelial barrier function, macrophage responses, thrombogenicity, and neointimal growth. Structural coverage on intravascular imaging is distinguished from functional endothelial recovery, which requires complementary biological or physiological assessment. Randomized evidence is interpreted at the level of the tested device, formulation, lesion, and procedural strategy; newer platforms are not assumed to confer class-wide superiority. Future progress will require multifunctional, healing-responsive platforms that integrate antithrombotic, pro-endothelial, immunomodulatory, and controlled-delivery functions while demonstrating mechanical durability, comparative clinical effectiveness, manufacturability, and cost-effective scalability.
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BibTeX
@article{bae2026functional,
title = {{Functional Biomaterials for Vascular Healing After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: From Surface Engineering to Clinical Translation}},
author = {Jae Seok Bae and Jeong Yoon Jang and Yun-Ho Cho and Yujin Shin and Hyo Jin Lee and Sung-Eun Park and Jong-Hwa Ahn},
journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3390/ijms272110033},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/10033},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Functional Biomaterials for Vascular Healing After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: From Surface Engineering to Clinical Translation
AU - Jae Seok Bae
AU - Jeong Yoon Jang
AU - Yun-Ho Cho
AU - Yujin Shin
AU - Hyo Jin Lee
AU - Sung-Eun Park
AU - Jong-Hwa Ahn
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/09
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO - 10.3390/ijms272110033
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/10033
AB - Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) creates a dynamic blood–material–tissue interface in which thrombosis, inflammation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and endothelial recovery evolve simultaneously. This narrative review examines coronary biomaterials using a healing-centered translational framework that links material properties to molecular and cellular responses, tissue-level healing, measurable structural and functional phenotypes, and clinical outcomes. We review the evolution from bare-metal and drug-eluting stents to polymer-free systems, drug-coated balloons (DCBs), bioresorbable scaffolds, and bioactive or biomimetic surfaces. Particular emphasis is placed on strut geometry, polymer chemistry and degradation, drug-release kinetics, surface properties, corrosion behavior, endothelial barrier function, macrophage responses, thrombogenicity, and neointimal growth. Structural coverage on intravascular imaging is distinguished from functional endothelial recovery, which requires complementary biological or physiological assessment. Randomized evidence is interpreted at the level of the tested device, formulation, lesion, and procedural strategy; newer platforms are not assumed to confer class-wide superiority. Future progress will require multifunctional, healing-responsive platforms that integrate antithrombotic, pro-endothelial, immunomodulatory, and controlled-delivery functions while demonstrating mechanical durability, comparative clinical effectiveness, manufacturability, and cost-effective scalability.
SN - 1422-0067
ER -