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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NDSultan Qaboos University medical journal

Epidemiological, Clinicopathological, and Molecular Features of Melanoma in Oman: A single-institution study.

  • Boris Itkin1
  • Zahida Niaz2
  • Khadiga Mohammed3
  • Tauseef Ali3
  • Syeda Sara Tajammul3
  • Zubair Ahmad2
  • Prashant Ajit Deshpande2
  • Muhammad Rashid Hanif1
  • Maha Al Shaibi4
  • Mohammad Al Hosni4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Medical Oncology, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Center, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman.
  2. 2Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Center, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman.
  3. 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Center, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman.
  4. 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Center, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman.
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Abstract

Objectives

Published data on melanoma in Oman are scarce. This study aimed to describe epidemiological, clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of melanoma patients in a single institution in Oman.Methods

This retrospective study included patients with a histopathological diagnosis of invasive melanoma who were assessed at Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre, Muscat, Oman, between July 2021 and February 2025. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, melanoma type, localisation, stage, key histopathological and molecular characteristics were extracted from electronic clinical charts and quantitatively described.Results

A total of 31 patients were included. The median age at diagnosis was 52.9 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 41.6-66.0). Patients from the Middle East comprised 90.3% of the cohort (n = 28), while Western individuals accounted for 9.7% (n = 3). Cutaneous melanoma was the most frequent type, observed in 83.9% of cases (n = 26), followed by ocular melanoma in 6.5% (n = 2). Mucosal melanoma, central nervous system melanoma and melanoma of unknown primary site were each found in 3.2% of patients (n = 1 each). Among cutaneous melanomas, acral and skin non-acral subtypes were equally represented, each comprising 41.9% (n = 13). Staging data were available for 27 patients; Stage III was the most common at presentation (40.7%, n = 11), followed by Stage II (29.6%, n = 8) and Stages I and IV (14.8%, n = 4 each). The median tumour mutational burden (TMB) was 4.95 mutations per megabase (IQR: 3.86-6.4). Activating BRAF mutations were detected in 35.0% of tested patients (n = 7/20). Brisk tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes were present in 28.6% of evaluated cases (n = 4/14).Conclusions

Early-stage diagnosis was uncommon. Acral and sun-unexposed non-acral melanoma subtypes were highly prevalent and median TMB was low. These findings suggest that clinicopathological and molecular features of melanoma in Oman may differ from those in Western and Asia-Pacific countries, with potential implications for treatment and prevention strategies.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{itkin2026epidemiological,
  title = {{Epidemiological, Clinicopathological, and Molecular Features of Melanoma in Oman: A single-institution study.}},
  author = {Boris Itkin and Zahida Niaz and Khadiga Mohammed and Tauseef Ali and Syeda Sara Tajammul and Zubair Ahmad and Prashant Ajit Deshpande and Muhammad Rashid Hanif and Maha Al Shaibi and Mohammad Al Hosni},
  journal = {Sultan Qaboos University medical journal},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.18295/2075-0528.3014},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948739},
  note = {CC BY-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Epidemiological, Clinicopathological, and Molecular Features of Melanoma in Oman: A single-institution study.
AU  - Boris Itkin
AU  - Zahida Niaz
AU  - Khadiga Mohammed
AU  - Tauseef Ali
AU  - Syeda Sara Tajammul
AU  - Zubair Ahmad
AU  - Prashant Ajit Deshpande
AU  - Muhammad Rashid Hanif
AU  - Maha Al Shaibi
AU  - Mohammad Al Hosni
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/23
JO  - Sultan Qaboos University medical journal
DO  - 10.18295/2075-0528.3014
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948739
AB  - Objectives  Published data on melanoma in Oman are scarce. This study aimed to describe epidemiological, clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of melanoma patients in a single institution in Oman.Methods  This retrospective study included patients with a histopathological diagnosis of invasive melanoma who were assessed at Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre, Muscat, Oman, between July 2021 and February 2025. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, melanoma type, localisation, stage, key histopathological and molecular characteristics were extracted from electronic clinical charts and quantitatively described.Results  A total of 31 patients were included. The median age at diagnosis was 52.9 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 41.6-66.0). Patients from the Middle East comprised 90.3% of the cohort (n = 28), while Western individuals accounted for 9.7% (n = 3). Cutaneous melanoma was the most frequent type, observed in 83.9% of cases (n = 26), followed by ocular melanoma in 6.5% (n = 2). Mucosal melanoma, central nervous system melanoma and melanoma of unknown primary site were each found in 3.2% of patients (n = 1 each). Among cutaneous melanomas, acral and skin non-acral subtypes were equally represented, each comprising 41.9% (n = 13). Staging data were available for 27 patients; Stage III was the most common at presentation (40.7%, n = 11), followed by Stage II (29.6%, n = 8) and Stages I and IV (14.8%, n = 4 each). The median tumour mutational burden (TMB) was 4.95 mutations per megabase (IQR: 3.86-6.4). Activating BRAF mutations were detected in 35.0% of tested patients (n = 7/20). Brisk tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes were present in 28.6% of evaluated cases (n = 4/14).Conclusions  Early-stage diagnosis was uncommon. Acral and sun-unexposed non-acral melanoma subtypes were highly prevalent and median TMB was low. These findings suggest that clinicopathological and molecular features of melanoma in Oman may differ from those in Western and Asia-Pacific countries, with potential implications for treatment and prevention strategies.
SN  - 2075-051X
SN  - 2075-0528
ER  -