A Marine Bivalve (Entodesma navicula) Extract Suppresses the Replication of Influenza Viruses and Flaviviruses in Association with Reduced MLKL Phosphorylation.
6 affiliations
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
- 2Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
- 3Department of Biomaterial Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea.
- 4Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
- 5Department of Veterinary Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
- 6Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
Emerging influenza viruses and mosquito-borne flaviviruses continue to challenge animal and public health, highlighting the need for antivirals that remain effective after infection. This study evaluated the in vitro activity of a 70% ethanolic whole-specimen extract of the marine bivalve Entodesma navicula (ENE) against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1; A/PR8), A/Wisconsin/15/2009 (H3N2), influenza B/Florida/78/2015, Zika virus, and dengue virus serotype 2. Antiviral activity was assessed using time-of-addition analysis, viability-based cytopathic-effect assays, reverse-transcription quantitative PCR, infectious virus titration, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. In the A/PR8 model, pre- and co-treatment produced no consistent inhibition. By contrast, post-infection ENE suppressed all tested viruses. For A/PR8, Zika virus, and dengue virus, this activity was supported by reduced viral genome abundance, infectious progeny, and viral antigen expression. In A/PR8-infected A549 cells, ENE reduced phosphorylation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL). ENE also reduced the proportion of cells positive for phosphorylated MLKL within Zika- and dengue-virus-infected Vero E6 populations. These findings identify E. navicula as an underexplored source of post-infection antiviral bioactivity associated with attenuated necroptosis-related signaling. Isolation of active constituents and causal validation in primary cells and animal models are needed.
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BibTeX
@article{moon2026marine,
title = {{A Marine Bivalve (Entodesma navicula) Extract Suppresses the Replication of Influenza Viruses and Flaviviruses in Association with Reduced MLKL Phosphorylation.}},
author = {Hyeon Jeong Moon and Gun Lee and Seok-Chun Ko and Jeong Min Lee and Ji-Yul Kim and Mi-Jin Yim and Jaewoo Choi and Chung-Do Lee and Jun Bong Lee and Jun-Gyu Park and Yeong-Bin Baek and Sang-Ik Park},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/ani16203226},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42939159},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - A Marine Bivalve (Entodesma navicula) Extract Suppresses the Replication of Influenza Viruses and Flaviviruses in Association with Reduced MLKL Phosphorylation.
AU - Hyeon Jeong Moon
AU - Gun Lee
AU - Seok-Chun Ko
AU - Jeong Min Lee
AU - Ji-Yul Kim
AU - Mi-Jin Yim
AU - Jaewoo Choi
AU - Chung-Do Lee
AU - Jun Bong Lee
AU - Jun-Gyu Park
AU - Yeong-Bin Baek
AU - Sang-Ik Park
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
JO - Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
DO - 10.3390/ani16203226
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42939159
AB - Emerging influenza viruses and mosquito-borne flaviviruses continue to challenge animal and public health, highlighting the need for antivirals that remain effective after infection. This study evaluated the in vitro activity of a 70% ethanolic whole-specimen extract of the marine bivalve Entodesma navicula (ENE) against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1; A/PR8), A/Wisconsin/15/2009 (H3N2), influenza B/Florida/78/2015, Zika virus, and dengue virus serotype 2. Antiviral activity was assessed using time-of-addition analysis, viability-based cytopathic-effect assays, reverse-transcription quantitative PCR, infectious virus titration, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. In the A/PR8 model, pre- and co-treatment produced no consistent inhibition. By contrast, post-infection ENE suppressed all tested viruses. For A/PR8, Zika virus, and dengue virus, this activity was supported by reduced viral genome abundance, infectious progeny, and viral antigen expression. In A/PR8-infected A549 cells, ENE reduced phosphorylation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL). ENE also reduced the proportion of cells positive for phosphorylated MLKL within Zika- and dengue-virus-infected Vero E6 populations. These findings identify E. navicula as an underexplored source of post-infection antiviral bioactivity associated with attenuated necroptosis-related signaling. Isolation of active constituents and causal validation in primary cells and animal models are needed.
SN - 2076-2615
ER -