The XMM-Newton view of the DEM L36 superbubble in the Large Magellanic Cloud

@misc{janas2026xmmnewton,
  title = {{The XMM-Newton view of the DEM L36 superbubble in the Large Magellanic Cloud}},
  author = {Pawel M. Janas and Patrick J. Kavanagh and Manami Sasaki and Miroslav D. Filipović and Chandreyee Maitra and Frank Haberl and Pierre Maggi and Sean Points and Zachary J. Smeaton},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.31182},
  eprint = {2610.31182},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31182},
}

TY  - UNPB
TI  - The XMM-Newton view of the DEM L36 superbubble in the Large Magellanic Cloud
AU  - Pawel M. Janas
AU  - Patrick J. Kavanagh
AU  - Manami Sasaki
AU  - Miroslav D. Filipović
AU  - Chandreyee Maitra
AU  - Frank Haberl
AU  - Pierre Maggi
AU  - Sean Points
AU  - Zachary J. Smeaton
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/22
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.31182
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31182
AB  - We present the first multi-wavelength analysis of the DEM L36 superbubble in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We compare the DEM L36 superbubble with other Galactic and Magellanic Cloud superbubbles. We use data from XMM-Newton, supplemented by data from the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey, the Dark Energy Camera Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. We perform a multi-wavelength morphological analysis to understand the shape and structure of the superbubble and X-ray spectral analysis to derive physical parameters of the hot gas. We find significant X-ray emission in DEM L36, dominated by a central bubble region mostly confined by a thin Hα filamentary shell. This has two distinct blowout regions to the east and west, with a possible smaller blowout in the south. Spectral analysis shows the X-ray emission is well fit with a thermal plasma model in collisional ionisation equilibrium with a temperature of kT=0.17 (0.16−0.18) keV and unabsorbed luminosity $L_{X~(0.5-7.0~\mathrm{keV})}=3.62\times 10^{35} $erg s^−1. Unlike other LMC superbubbles, we find no clear powering cluster at the centre, though relatively small clusters near the edge are likely supplying the mechanical input at the present epoch. We use photometric data of these clusters to estimate cluster masses, ages, and mechanical inputs to compare with the energy stored in the superbubble. We find that these clusters have supplied more energy over their lifetime than is currently observed in the superbubble, indicative of the so-called growth rate discrepancy problem. It is likely the DEM L36 superbubble was initially shaped by a central massive stellar population that has since dispersed and largely lost to supernovae, with smaller clusters at the edges of the swept-up shell being currently supplying the energy input.
ER  -