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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Nutrients

Inflammatory, Insulinemic, and Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Diabetes Among Patients with Acute Pancreatitis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the DREAM Study

  • Djibril M. Ba1
  • Tian Qiu1
  • Ni Shi2
  • Nazia Raja-Khan3
  • Qi Sun4
  • Kristen M. Roberts5
  • Anna E. Phillips6
  • Cemal Yazici7
  • Dhiraj Yadav6
  • Marina Basina8
  • Melena Bellin9
  • James L. Buxbaum10
23 more authors
  • Anna Casu11
  • Daisy Duan12
  • Kathleen Dungan13
  • Carmella Evans-Molina14
  • Evan L. Fogel15
  • Chris E. Forsmark16
  • Mark O. Goodarzi17
  • Steven Hughes16
  • Rajesh N. Keswani18
  • Brian T. Layden19
  • Sandra Lord20
  • Stephen J. Pandol21
  • Georgios I. Papachristou22
  • Walter G. Park23
  • Richard Pratley11
  • Vikesh K. Singh24
  • Cate Speake20
  • Guru Trikudanathan25
  • Temel Tirkes26
  • Frederico G. S. Toledo27
  • Vernon M. Chinchilli1
  • Fred K. Tabung28
  • Phil A. Hart22
28 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
  2. 2Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
  3. 3Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
  4. 4Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  5. 5Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
  6. 6Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
  7. 7Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
  8. 8Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
  9. 9Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
  10. 10Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
  11. 11AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
  12. 12Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
  13. 13Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
  14. 14Department of Pediatrics, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
  15. 15Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
  16. 16Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
  17. 17Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
  18. 18Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Lake Forest, IL 60045, USA
  19. 19Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
  20. 20Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
  21. 21Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
  22. 22Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
  23. 23Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
  24. 24Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
  25. 25Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
  26. 26Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
  27. 27Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
  28. 28Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Open at sourceDOICite

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Plant-based diets are widely recommended for lowering the risk of type 2 diabetes, with the caveat that their health benefits depend on the quality of the foods consumed. This analysis examined associations between five dietary patterns and pre-existing diabetes among patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), a population in which the relationship between diet and diabetes has not been well characterized. Methods: Participants were drawn from the Diabetes RElated to Acute Pancreatitis and its Mechanisms (DREAM) study, an ongoing multicenter study of adults aged 18 to 75 years with AP in the U.S. This cross-sectional analysis evaluated five dietary patterns using food frequency questionnaires (FFQ): the reverse Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia (rEDIH), the reverse Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (rEDIP), the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and the unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). We used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for pre-existing diabetes (i.e., prior to the AP episode). Results: A total of 647 participants (mean age 49.1 ± 14.5 years) were included. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, participants in the highest versus lowest tertile of PDI had 55% lower odds of pre-existing diabetes (adjusted OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25–0.80; p-trend = 0.005). No statistically significant associations were detected for rEDIP, rEDIH, hPDI, or uPDI. Conclusions: Higher overall PDI scores were associated with lower odds of prevalent diabetes. Among patients with AP, further studies are needed to evaluate dietary contributions to future diabetes development following AP and identify potential dietary strategies for diabetes prevention.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{ba2026inflammatory,
  title = {{Inflammatory, Insulinemic, and Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Diabetes Among Patients with Acute Pancreatitis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the DREAM Study}},
  author = {Djibril M. Ba and Tian Qiu and Ni Shi and Nazia Raja-Khan and Qi Sun and Kristen M. Roberts and Anna E. Phillips and Cemal Yazici and Dhiraj Yadav and Marina Basina and Melena Bellin and James L. Buxbaum and Anna Casu and Daisy Duan and Kathleen Dungan and Carmella Evans-Molina and Evan L. Fogel and Chris E. Forsmark and Mark O. Goodarzi and Steven Hughes and Rajesh N. Keswani and Brian T. Layden and Sandra Lord and Stephen J. Pandol and Georgios I. Papachristou and Walter G. Park and Richard Pratley and Vikesh K. Singh and Cate Speake and Guru Trikudanathan and Temel Tirkes and Frederico G. S. Toledo and Vernon M. Chinchilli and Fred K. Tabung and Phil A. Hart},
  journal = {Nutrients},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.3390/nu18213676},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3676},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Inflammatory, Insulinemic, and Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Diabetes Among Patients with Acute Pancreatitis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the DREAM Study
AU  - Djibril M. Ba
AU  - Tian Qiu
AU  - Ni Shi
AU  - Nazia Raja-Khan
AU  - Qi Sun
AU  - Kristen M. Roberts
AU  - Anna E. Phillips
AU  - Cemal Yazici
AU  - Dhiraj Yadav
AU  - Marina Basina
AU  - Melena Bellin
AU  - James L. Buxbaum
AU  - Anna Casu
AU  - Daisy Duan
AU  - Kathleen Dungan
AU  - Carmella Evans-Molina
AU  - Evan L. Fogel
AU  - Chris E. Forsmark
AU  - Mark O. Goodarzi
AU  - Steven Hughes
AU  - Rajesh N. Keswani
AU  - Brian T. Layden
AU  - Sandra Lord
AU  - Stephen J. Pandol
AU  - Georgios I. Papachristou
AU  - Walter G. Park
AU  - Richard Pratley
AU  - Vikesh K. Singh
AU  - Cate Speake
AU  - Guru Trikudanathan
AU  - Temel Tirkes
AU  - Frederico G. S. Toledo
AU  - Vernon M. Chinchilli
AU  - Fred K. Tabung
AU  - Phil A. Hart
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/06
JO  - Nutrients
DO  - 10.3390/nu18213676
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3676
AB  - Background/Objectives: Plant-based diets are widely recommended for lowering the risk of type 2 diabetes, with the caveat that their health benefits depend on the quality of the foods consumed. This analysis examined associations between five dietary patterns and pre-existing diabetes among patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), a population in which the relationship between diet and diabetes has not been well characterized. Methods: Participants were drawn from the Diabetes RElated to Acute Pancreatitis and its Mechanisms (DREAM) study, an ongoing multicenter study of adults aged 18 to 75 years with AP in the U.S. This cross-sectional analysis evaluated five dietary patterns using food frequency questionnaires (FFQ): the reverse Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia (rEDIH), the reverse Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (rEDIP), the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and the unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). We used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for pre-existing diabetes (i.e., prior to the AP episode). Results: A total of 647 participants (mean age 49.1 ± 14.5 years) were included. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, participants in the highest versus lowest tertile of PDI had 55% lower odds of pre-existing diabetes (adjusted OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25–0.80; p-trend = 0.005). No statistically significant associations were detected for rEDIP, rEDIH, hPDI, or uPDI. Conclusions: Higher overall PDI scores were associated with lower odds of prevalent diabetes. Among patients with AP, further studies are needed to evaluate dietary contributions to future diabetes development following AP and identify potential dietary strategies for diabetes prevention.
SN  - 2072-6643
ER  -