Phase-Sensitive Heterodyne Detection of MW using EIT Harmonics in Rydberg Atoms
Abstract
We investigate the generation and characterization of higher-order harmonics in the probe-laser absorption arising from nonlinear interactions in an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) ladder system involving Rydberg states and driven by two microwave fields in the heterodyne configuration. We characterize the amplitude and phase of the generated harmonics as a function of the relative frequency and phase of the applied microwave fields. The phase of the nth harmonic follows the relation ϕn=nϕ, demonstrating phase multiplication and suggesting that higher-order harmonics may offer an enhanced phase response for phase-sensitive measurements. We further characterize the harmonic amplitudes and bandwidths and find that the measured bandwidths are significantly larger than the intrinsic Rydberg-state linewidth, consistent with power broadening under the experimental conditions. The experimental observations are supported by density-matrix calculations, which reproduce the key features of the measured harmonic response.
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BibTeX
@misc{bhattarai2026phasesensitive,
title = {{Phase-Sensitive Heterodyne Detection of MW using EIT Harmonics in Rydberg Atoms}},
author = {Mangesh Bhattarai and Rishav Hui and Sumanta Khan and Vineet Bharti and Vasant Natarajan and Kanhaiya Pandey},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.15033},
eprint = {2609.15033},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.15033},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Phase-Sensitive Heterodyne Detection of MW using EIT Harmonics in Rydberg Atoms
AU - Mangesh Bhattarai
AU - Rishav Hui
AU - Sumanta Khan
AU - Vineet Bharti
AU - Vasant Natarajan
AU - Kanhaiya Pandey
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/15
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.15033
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.15033
AB - We investigate the generation and characterization of higher-order harmonics in the probe-laser absorption arising from nonlinear interactions in an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) ladder system involving Rydberg states and driven by two microwave fields in the heterodyne configuration. We characterize the amplitude and phase of the generated harmonics as a function of the relative frequency and phase of the applied microwave fields. The phase of the n^th harmonic follows the relation ϕ_n=nϕ, demonstrating phase multiplication and suggesting that higher-order harmonics may offer an enhanced phase response for phase-sensitive measurements. We further characterize the harmonic amplitudes and bandwidths and find that the measured bandwidths are significantly larger than the intrinsic Rydberg-state linewidth, consistent with power broadening under the experimental conditions. The experimental observations are supported by density-matrix calculations, which reproduce the key features of the measured harmonic response.
ER -