CHEX-MATE: Density profile reconstruction in galaxy clusters

Abstract

We investigated the reconstruction of the intra-cluster medium radial density profiles in galaxy clusters, focusing on the impact of cluster morphology, dynamical state, and methodological choices, within the framework of the CHEX-MATE project. Using a sample of 109 simulated galaxy clusters analysed along 40 independent lines of sight, we compared azimuthal mean and median techniques for deprojection. We find that azimuthal median-based density profiles recover the true gas density with negligible bias over the radial range [0.15−1.3] R₅₀₀. Mean based profiles are affected by the presence of substructures. While an accurate masking of clumps or substructures can reduce the bias to < 5%, the discrepancy increases substantially in disturbed systems or when substructures remain unresolved. The mean-to-median density ratio statistically traces projected gas inhomogeneities, although intrinsic scatter and projection effects limit its use for individual clusters. The complementary use of mean and median profiles therefore provides the most complete approach for large X-ray cluster samples.

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{bartalucci2026chexmate,
  title = {{CHEX-MATE: Density profile reconstruction in galaxy clusters}},
  author = {I. Bartalucci and G. W. Pratt and E. Rasia and M. Arnaud and R. T. Duffy and Y. E. Bahar and M. Balboni and E. Baraldi and R. M. Batalha and A. Bonafede and H. Bourdin and F. De Luca and M. De Petris and S. Ettori and A. Ferragamo and M. Gaspari and F. Gastaldello and M. Gitti and A. Iqbal and M. Lepore and S. T. Kay and L. Lovisari and P. Mazzotta and B. J. Maughan and F. Oppizzi and E. Pointecouteau and M. Rossetti and J. Sayers and M. Sereno},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.05476},
  eprint = {2611.05476},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.05476},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - CHEX-MATE: Density profile reconstruction in galaxy clusters
AU  - I. Bartalucci
AU  - G. W. Pratt
AU  - E. Rasia
AU  - M. Arnaud
AU  - R. T. Duffy
AU  - Y. E. Bahar
AU  - M. Balboni
AU  - E. Baraldi
AU  - R. M. Batalha
AU  - A. Bonafede
AU  - H. Bourdin
AU  - F. De Luca
AU  - M. De Petris
AU  - S. Ettori
AU  - A. Ferragamo
AU  - M. Gaspari
AU  - F. Gastaldello
AU  - M. Gitti
AU  - A. Iqbal
AU  - M. Lepore
AU  - S. T. Kay
AU  - L. Lovisari
AU  - P. Mazzotta
AU  - B. J. Maughan
AU  - F. Oppizzi
AU  - E. Pointecouteau
AU  - M. Rossetti
AU  - J. Sayers
AU  - M. Sereno
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/03
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.05476
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.05476
AB  - We investigated the reconstruction of the intra-cluster medium radial density profiles in galaxy clusters, focusing on the impact of cluster morphology, dynamical state, and methodological choices, within the framework of the CHEX-MATE project. Using a sample of 109 simulated galaxy clusters analysed along 40 independent lines of sight, we compared azimuthal mean and median techniques for deprojection. We find that azimuthal median-based density profiles recover the true gas density with negligible bias over the radial range [0.15−1.3] R_500. Mean based profiles are affected by the presence of substructures. While an accurate masking of clumps or substructures can reduce the bias to < 5%, the discrepancy increases substantially in disturbed systems or when substructures remain unresolved. The mean-to-median density ratio statistically traces projected gas inhomogeneities, although intrinsic scatter and projection effects limit its use for individual clusters. The complementary use of mean and median profiles therefore provides the most complete approach for large X-ray cluster samples.
ER  -

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