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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0PLOS One

Trait mindfulness, psychological skills, and mental toughness in paddleboard athletes: A correlational study

  • Jiarong Wang1
  • Roxana Dev Omar Dev2
  • Nurhidayah Yaakop
  1. 1Department of Sport Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
  2. 2Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, China
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Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 172 athletes. Participants completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28), and the Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). Results indicated moderate-to-high levels across all study variables, with no significant gender differences observed. Trait mindfulness was positively associated with psychological regulation processes (r = 0.642), and both variables were positively associated with mental performance expression (r = 0.498). Psychological regulation processes were strongly associated with mental performance expression (r = 0.772). A significant indirect association was observed between trait mindfulness and mental performance expression via psychological regulation processes (b = 4.197), based on bootstrap mediation analysis. These findings suggest that psychological variables in paddleboarding are characterized by a pattern of interrelated statistical associations among trait mindfulness, regulatory processes, and performance-related outcomes. The results contribute to sport psychology literature by clarifying the relational structure among these constructs in a balance-demanding sport context.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{wang2026trait,
  title = {{Trait mindfulness, psychological skills, and mental toughness in paddleboard athletes: A correlational study}},
  author = {Jiarong Wang and Roxana Dev Omar Dev and Nurhidayah Yaakop},
  journal = {PLOS One},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0354427},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0354427},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Trait mindfulness, psychological skills, and mental toughness in paddleboard athletes: A correlational study
AU  - Jiarong Wang
AU  - Roxana Dev Omar Dev
AU  - Nurhidayah Yaakop
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/10
JO  - PLOS One
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0354427
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0354427
AB  - A cross-sectional study was conducted with 172 athletes. Participants completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28), and the Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). Results indicated moderate-to-high levels across all study variables, with no significant gender differences observed. Trait mindfulness was positively associated with psychological regulation processes (r = 0.642), and both variables were positively associated with mental performance expression (r = 0.498). Psychological regulation processes were strongly associated with mental performance expression (r = 0.772). A significant indirect association was observed between trait mindfulness and mental performance expression via psychological regulation processes (b = 4.197), based on bootstrap mediation analysis. These findings suggest that psychological variables in paddleboarding are characterized by a pattern of interrelated statistical associations among trait mindfulness, regulatory processes, and performance-related outcomes. The results contribute to sport psychology literature by clarifying the relational structure among these constructs in a balance-demanding sport context.
SN  - 1932-6203
ER  -