α-Carbonic Anhydrase 1 Affects Photosynthetic CO2 Assimilation and Stomatal Conductance in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants
- 1Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center «Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
- 2Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Federal Research Center «Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana plants of two mutant lines with a knockout of the At3g52720 gene, encoding stromal α-carbonic anhydrase 1, αCA1 (αCA1-KO), and wild-type plants of the Columbia ecotype (Col), were grown under 450 ppm (NCO2) and 150 ppm (LCO2) CO2 in the air. The CO2 assimilation rate (ACO2) in plants grown under NCO2 was lower in the αCA1-KO plants than in Col plants at CO2 concentrations from 600 to 1200 ppm in the measurement chamber. In LCO2-grown plants, ACO2 values were lower than in NCO2-grown plants both in Col and mutants, with the same values in mutants and Col. Water use efficiency (WUE) in NCO2-grown mutant plants was lower than in Col at a CO2 concentration of 600 ppm and above, and in LCO2-grown mutants WUE became lower than in Col at 1200 ppm. The starch content was lower in leaves of mutants than in Col under both NCO2 and LCO2 conditions due to its reduced synthesis during the daytime photosynthesis. Under NCO2, the content of hydrogen peroxide was 55% higher in αCA1-KO plant leaves than in Col. Under LCO2, the content of H2O2 in Col increased to more than three times its level under NCO2, and became 2.5 times higher than in αCA1-KO, in which it decreased by 34% compared to that in NCO2 plants. Under NCO2 conditions, the contents of the stromal, cytosolic, and peroxisomal forms of ascorbate peroxidases (APXs) were about twice higher in αCA1-KO than in Col plants. Contrariwise, in LCO2-grown plants the contents of APXs were lower in mutants than in Col. The total protein amount, as well as the level of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, were the same in Col and mutants under NCO2 conditions, but were 35% and 45–50%, respectively, lower in αCA1-KO than in Col under LCO2 conditions. In the leaves of NCO2-grown plants, the stomatal conductance was higher in αCA1-KO than in Col with slower stomatal opening and delayed closure in response to decreases and increases in CO2 level, respectively. At the same time, in the absence of αCA1, both the total number of stomata per unit leaf surface area, and the relative number of open stomata were higher than in Col leaves. In the protoplasts isolated from NCO2-grown αCA1-KO plants, the steady-state rates of oxygen evolution were 30% lower in mutants than in Col and were reached at a lower HCO3− concentration (5 mM) than in protoplasts from Col (8 mM). The apparent half-saturating bicarbonate concentration was approximately 2 mM for αCA1-KO and 4 mM for Col. Our data demonstrate the involvement of the stromal chloroplast αCA1 in providing A. thaliana cells with CO2, and imply the significance of αCA1 in supplying inorganic carbon for starch and protein synthesis in plants. The increase in the total number of stomata per unit of leaf surface area and in the relative proportion of open stomata, as well as the reduced rate of stomatal responses in plants lacking αCA1, suggests the possible involvement of this enzyme in signaling processes regulating both stomatal movement and development.
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BibTeX
@article{rudenko2026αcarbonic,
title = {{α-Carbonic Anhydrase 1 Affects Photosynthetic CO2 Assimilation and Stomatal Conductance in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants}},
author = {Natalia N. Rudenko and Maria Y. Ruppert and Gennady V. Mitenko and Elena M. Nadeeva and Marina A. Kozuleva and Lyudmila K. Ignatova and Boris N. Ivanov},
journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/ijms27219575},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9575},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - α-Carbonic Anhydrase 1 Affects Photosynthetic CO2 Assimilation and Stomatal Conductance in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants
AU - Natalia N. Rudenko
AU - Maria Y. Ruppert
AU - Gennady V. Mitenko
AU - Elena M. Nadeeva
AU - Marina A. Kozuleva
AU - Lyudmila K. Ignatova
AU - Boris N. Ivanov
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/26
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO - 10.3390/ijms27219575
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9575
AB - Arabidopsis thaliana plants of two mutant lines with a knockout of the At3g52720 gene, encoding stromal α-carbonic anhydrase 1, αCA1 (αCA1-KO), and wild-type plants of the Columbia ecotype (Col), were grown under 450 ppm (NCO2) and 150 ppm (LCO2) CO2 in the air. The CO2 assimilation rate (ACO2) in plants grown under NCO2 was lower in the αCA1-KO plants than in Col plants at CO2 concentrations from 600 to 1200 ppm in the measurement chamber. In LCO2-grown plants, ACO2 values were lower than in NCO2-grown plants both in Col and mutants, with the same values in mutants and Col. Water use efficiency (WUE) in NCO2-grown mutant plants was lower than in Col at a CO2 concentration of 600 ppm and above, and in LCO2-grown mutants WUE became lower than in Col at 1200 ppm. The starch content was lower in leaves of mutants than in Col under both NCO2 and LCO2 conditions due to its reduced synthesis during the daytime photosynthesis. Under NCO2, the content of hydrogen peroxide was 55% higher in αCA1-KO plant leaves than in Col. Under LCO2, the content of H2O2 in Col increased to more than three times its level under NCO2, and became 2.5 times higher than in αCA1-KO, in which it decreased by 34% compared to that in NCO2 plants. Under NCO2 conditions, the contents of the stromal, cytosolic, and peroxisomal forms of ascorbate peroxidases (APXs) were about twice higher in αCA1-KO than in Col plants. Contrariwise, in LCO2-grown plants the contents of APXs were lower in mutants than in Col. The total protein amount, as well as the level of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, were the same in Col and mutants under NCO2 conditions, but were 35% and 45–50%, respectively, lower in αCA1-KO than in Col under LCO2 conditions. In the leaves of NCO2-grown plants, the stomatal conductance was higher in αCA1-KO than in Col with slower stomatal opening and delayed closure in response to decreases and increases in CO2 level, respectively. At the same time, in the absence of αCA1, both the total number of stomata per unit leaf surface area, and the relative number of open stomata were higher than in Col leaves. In the protoplasts isolated from NCO2-grown αCA1-KO plants, the steady-state rates of oxygen evolution were 30% lower in mutants than in Col and were reached at a lower HCO3− concentration (5 mM) than in protoplasts from Col (8 mM). The apparent half-saturating bicarbonate concentration was approximately 2 mM for αCA1-KO and 4 mM for Col. Our data demonstrate the involvement of the stromal chloroplast αCA1 in providing A. thaliana cells with CO2, and imply the significance of αCA1 in supplying inorganic carbon for starch and protein synthesis in plants. The increase in the total number of stomata per unit of leaf surface area and in the relative proportion of open stomata, as well as the reduced rate of stomatal responses in plants lacking αCA1, suggests the possible involvement of this enzyme in signaling processes regulating both stomatal movement and development.
SN - 1422-0067
ER -