From cradle to Tic: early developmental profiles of tourette syndrome and its comorbidities in the MoBa cohort
8 affiliations
- 1Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- 2Norwegian Institute of Public Health (FHI), Oslo, Norway
- 3Sykehuset Innlandet, Hamar, Norway
- 4UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- 5University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), Tromso, Norway
- 6Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA
- 7Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
- 8University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Borre, Norway
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is heterogeneous and frequently co-occurs with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other recorded neurodevelopmental diagnoses. We examined whether early parent-report questionnaire profiles in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) differed across later TS diagnostic subgroups, focusing on developmental phenotyping rather than individual-level prediction. The analytic sample included 92,875 children with linked registry follow-up and at least one retained questionnaire predictor at 6, 18, or 36 months. For this project, registry access was limited to ICD-10 F70-F99 diagnoses; the reference group therefore comprised children with no recorded F70-F99 diagnosis in the available project extract, not children known to be free of all psychiatric or somatic diagnoses. Age-specific principal component analysis (PCA), item response theory (IRT), and raw-item profiles were used to describe early questionnaire dimensions relative to the no-recorded-F70-F99 reference group. Twenty-one PCA domains were retained. Differences were small at 6 months and most interpretable at 36 months. TS with ADHD showed the clearest preschool regulation, attention, and externalizing profile, whereas TS with other recorded F70-F99 diagnoses showed broader language, motor, social-communication, sociability/activity, and developmental-concern elevations. TS without other recorded F70-F99 diagnoses showed smaller, more focal elevations. Secondary separability checks were modest, supporting group-level profile differences rather than screening-level prediction.
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BibTeX
@article{emmanuel2026from,
title = {{From cradle to Tic: early developmental profiles of tourette syndrome and its comorbidities in the MoBa cohort}},
author = {Sebastian Emmanuel and Lars-Petter Limstrand and Markus Emil Wilhelmsen and Ragnhild Eek Brandlistuen and Nina Torheim Thronæs and Ole Mikal Wormdal and Frederick Shic and Fred Volkmar and Kenneth Larsen and Roald A. Øien},
journal = {European Child \& Adolescent Psychiatry},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1007/s00787-026-03129-w},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-026-03129-w},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - From cradle to Tic: early developmental profiles of tourette syndrome and its comorbidities in the MoBa cohort
AU - Sebastian Emmanuel
AU - Lars-Petter Limstrand
AU - Markus Emil Wilhelmsen
AU - Ragnhild Eek Brandlistuen
AU - Nina Torheim Thronæs
AU - Ole Mikal Wormdal
AU - Frederick Shic
AU - Fred Volkmar
AU - Kenneth Larsen
AU - Roald A. Øien
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/07
JO - European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
DO - 10.1007/s00787-026-03129-w
UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-026-03129-w
AB - Tourette syndrome (TS) is heterogeneous and frequently co-occurs with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other recorded neurodevelopmental diagnoses. We examined whether early parent-report questionnaire profiles in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) differed across later TS diagnostic subgroups, focusing on developmental phenotyping rather than individual-level prediction. The analytic sample included 92,875 children with linked registry follow-up and at least one retained questionnaire predictor at 6, 18, or 36 months. For this project, registry access was limited to ICD-10 F70-F99 diagnoses; the reference group therefore comprised children with no recorded F70-F99 diagnosis in the available project extract, not children known to be free of all psychiatric or somatic diagnoses. Age-specific principal component analysis (PCA), item response theory (IRT), and raw-item profiles were used to describe early questionnaire dimensions relative to the no-recorded-F70-F99 reference group. Twenty-one PCA domains were retained. Differences were small at 6 months and most interpretable at 36 months. TS with ADHD showed the clearest preschool regulation, attention, and externalizing profile, whereas TS with other recorded F70-F99 diagnoses showed broader language, motor, social-communication, sociability/activity, and developmental-concern elevations. TS without other recorded F70-F99 diagnoses showed smaller, more focal elevations. Secondary separability checks were modest, supporting group-level profile differences rather than screening-level prediction.
SN - 1018-8827
SN - 1435-165X
ER -