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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0PLOS One

Fabrication and evaluation of a sulfacetamide-loaded niosomal gel for the treatment of ocular bacterial infections

4 affiliations
  1. 1Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  2. 2Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  3. 3Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  4. 4Medical Biomaterials Research Centre (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Topical ocular drug delivery is often restricted by rapid precorneal clearance, which can decrease drug residence time and bioavailability at the ocular surface. The purpose of the study was to develop a sulfacetamide-loaded niosomal gel (SA-Nio-Gel) to enhance ocular drug delivery. Thin film hydration method was used for the preparation of SA niosomes, employing nonionic surfactants (Span 60 and Span 80) and cholesterol. The optimized niosomal formulation was then incorporated into a Carbopol 934 gel base to prepare the final SA-Nio-Gel formulation. The optimized niosomes exhibited encapsulation efficiency of 76% ± 1.5 and a mean particle size of 129.7 ± 2.52 nm. Rheological analysis of the SA-Nio-Gel demonstrated pseudoplastic behavior, characterized by a reduction in viscosity with increasing shear rate. Biocompatibility evaluation indicated that the formulation was non-toxic. In vitro release profiles showed a slow and sustained SA release from the developed formulation. Furthermore, microbiological assays confirmed the potent antibacterial activity of the SA-Nio-Gel against S. aureus. Compared to the SA solution and SA-Nio, the SA-Nio-Gel formulation significantly minimized precorneal drainage and improved drug penetration. These results indicate that the niosomal gel-based system could be a promising platform for the ocular delivery of SA, which provides sustained release and enhanced drug permeability.

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BibTeX
@article{karampour2026fabrication,
  title = {{Fabrication and evaluation of a sulfacetamide-loaded niosomal gel for the treatment of ocular bacterial infections}},
  author = {Neda Sistani Karampour and Pouya Dolati and Anayatollah Salim and Maryam Abedini Baghbadorani and Maryam Keykhaee and Somayeh Handali and Eskandar Moghimipour},
  journal = {PLOS One},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0362096},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362096},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Fabrication and evaluation of a sulfacetamide-loaded niosomal gel for the treatment of ocular bacterial infections
AU  - Neda Sistani Karampour
AU  - Pouya Dolati
AU  - Anayatollah Salim
AU  - Maryam Abedini Baghbadorani
AU  - Maryam Keykhaee
AU  - Somayeh Handali
AU  - Eskandar Moghimipour
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/05
JO  - PLOS One
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0362096
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362096
AB  - Topical ocular drug delivery is often restricted by rapid precorneal clearance, which can decrease drug residence time and bioavailability at the ocular surface. The purpose of the study was to develop a sulfacetamide-loaded niosomal gel (SA-Nio-Gel) to enhance ocular drug delivery. Thin film hydration method was used for the preparation of SA niosomes, employing nonionic surfactants (Span 60 and Span 80) and cholesterol. The optimized niosomal formulation was then incorporated into a Carbopol 934 gel base to prepare the final SA-Nio-Gel formulation. The optimized niosomes exhibited encapsulation efficiency of 76% ± 1.5 and a mean particle size of 129.7 ± 2.52 nm. Rheological analysis of the SA-Nio-Gel demonstrated pseudoplastic behavior, characterized by a reduction in viscosity with increasing shear rate. Biocompatibility evaluation indicated that the formulation was non-toxic. In vitro release profiles showed a slow and sustained SA release from the developed formulation. Furthermore, microbiological assays confirmed the potent antibacterial activity of the SA-Nio-Gel against S. aureus. Compared to the SA solution and SA-Nio, the SA-Nio-Gel formulation significantly minimized precorneal drainage and improved drug penetration. These results indicate that the niosomal gel-based system could be a promising platform for the ocular delivery of SA, which provides sustained release and enhanced drug permeability.
SN  - 1932-6203
ER  -