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Peer-reviewedCC BYFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology

Resource-efficient use of industrial residue for multifunctional cacao nanofibers.

  • Linn Berglund1
  • Io Antonopoulou2
  • Luísa R Völtz1
  • Pooja Dixit3
  • Carlos Martín3,4
  • Ola Sundman3
  • Jenny Berg5
  • Kristiina Oksman1
5 affiliations
  1. 1Wood and Bionanocomposites, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
  2. 2Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
  3. 3Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
  4. 4Department of Biotechnology, University of Inland Norway, Hamar, Norway.
  5. 5Nordic Chocolate AB, Umeå, Sweden.
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Abstract

This study evaluates cacao residue from chocolate production for resource-efficient production of multifunctional nanofibers. The underlying hypothesis is that preserving non-cellulosic constituents during processing can enable resource-efficient nanofiber production while contributing unique functionalities. Cacao residue yielded 30% after bleaching, with the main components being fat and holocellulose. Fibrillation produced cacao nanofibers at an energy demand of 3.9 kWh/kg, compared with the reference, a commercial wood pulp, with 8.2 kWh/kg after the same processing time. The cacao nanofibers displayed bioactivity, hydrophobic behavior, and excellent redispersibility not observed for the reference material, which has cellulose as the main component. The bioactivity of cacao nanofibers included strong antioxidant, mild antibacterial, and moderate anti-collagenase activity. Utilization of the natural composition offers a resource-efficient approach to unlock the potential of cacao residue into specific multifunctional nanofibers with potential for further development of coating, cosmeceutical, and biomedical applications.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{berglund2026resourceefficient,
  title = {{Resource-efficient use of industrial residue for multifunctional cacao nanofibers.}},
  author = {Linn Berglund and Io Antonopoulou and Luísa R Völtz and Pooja Dixit and Carlos Martín and Ola Sundman and Jenny Berg and Kristiina Oksman},
  journal = {Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fbioe.2026.1916485},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898430},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Resource-efficient use of industrial residue for multifunctional cacao nanofibers.
AU  - Linn Berglund
AU  - Io Antonopoulou
AU  - Luísa R Völtz
AU  - Pooja Dixit
AU  - Carlos Martín
AU  - Ola Sundman
AU  - Jenny Berg
AU  - Kristiina Oksman
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/05
JO  - Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology
DO  - 10.3389/fbioe.2026.1916485
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898430
AB  - This study evaluates cacao residue from chocolate production for resource-efficient production of multifunctional nanofibers. The underlying hypothesis is that preserving non-cellulosic constituents during processing can enable resource-efficient nanofiber production while contributing unique functionalities. Cacao residue yielded 30% after bleaching, with the main components being fat and holocellulose. Fibrillation produced cacao nanofibers at an energy demand of 3.9 kWh/kg, compared with the reference, a commercial wood pulp, with 8.2 kWh/kg after the same processing time. The cacao nanofibers displayed bioactivity, hydrophobic behavior, and excellent redispersibility not observed for the reference material, which has cellulose as the main component. The bioactivity of cacao nanofibers included strong antioxidant, mild antibacterial, and moderate anti-collagenase activity. Utilization of the natural composition offers a resource-efficient approach to unlock the potential of cacao residue into specific multifunctional nanofibers with potential for further development of coating, cosmeceutical, and biomedical applications.
SN  - 2296-4185
ER  -