The Pathogenesis of Atypical Clinical Presentations of Monkeypox Virus Infections.
- 1Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
- 2University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- 3McGill University, Montreal, QC H2X 3P9, Canada.
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is an ongoing global public health concern. Historically associated with zoonotic infection, in 2022, a major epidemiological shift occurred when sustained transmission was identified across multiple countries that previously had not had endemic circulation of the virus. While mpox typically presents with characteristic clinical features, infection can also lead to a spectrum of less common manifestations involving multiple organ systems. The extent of viral dissemination and disease severity appear to be modulated by host factors such as immune status, vaccination history, co-infections, and potentially the viral clade. Although complications associated with mpox are infrequent, they can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Moreover, the underlying pathogenesis and to what extent the viral clade may be playing a role remain incompletely understood. This review summarizes the less common clinical complications of mpox, explores the underlying mechanisms of viral pathogenesis, and discusses what insights can be gained from cell culture and animal models. Additionally, we highlight knowledge gaps that can guide future research priorities.
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BibTeX
@article{kankanamge2026pathogenesis,
title = {{The Pathogenesis of Atypical Clinical Presentations of Monkeypox Virus Infections.}},
author = {Lisumi Hewa Ranchigoda Kankanamge and Amal Remtulla and Maedeh Naghibosadat and Emma Wilson and Robert Kozak},
journal = {Viruses},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/v18101082},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42944002},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - The Pathogenesis of Atypical Clinical Presentations of Monkeypox Virus Infections.
AU - Lisumi Hewa Ranchigoda Kankanamge
AU - Amal Remtulla
AU - Maedeh Naghibosadat
AU - Emma Wilson
AU - Robert Kozak
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Viruses
DO - 10.3390/v18101082
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42944002
AB - Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is an ongoing global public health concern. Historically associated with zoonotic infection, in 2022, a major epidemiological shift occurred when sustained transmission was identified across multiple countries that previously had not had endemic circulation of the virus. While mpox typically presents with characteristic clinical features, infection can also lead to a spectrum of less common manifestations involving multiple organ systems. The extent of viral dissemination and disease severity appear to be modulated by host factors such as immune status, vaccination history, co-infections, and potentially the viral clade. Although complications associated with mpox are infrequent, they can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Moreover, the underlying pathogenesis and to what extent the viral clade may be playing a role remain incompletely understood. This review summarizes the less common clinical complications of mpox, explores the underlying mechanisms of viral pathogenesis, and discusses what insights can be gained from cell culture and animal models. Additionally, we highlight knowledge gaps that can guide future research priorities.
SN - 1999-4915
ER -