Moving backward to go faster: Diatom-inspired sliding reveals efficient modes of locomotion
Abstract
Across biological scales, from sperm cells to whales, locomotion commonly relies on undulatory gaits, in which traveling deformation waves interact with the surrounding fluid to generate thrust opposite to the direction of wave propagation. In viscous environments, microorganism locomotion is classically understood in terms of undulatory bending of slender filaments such as flagella, with optimal propulsion achieved when the deformation wavelength is comparable to the swimmer length. Inspired by diatom colonies, we identify a fundamentally different swimming mechanism based on sliding between neighboring elements within a chain. We show that sliding between stacked elongated cells generates internal shear that drives propulsion opposite to classical undulatory swimming, while achieving higher speeds and greater energetic efficiency. Remarkably, optimal performance occurs at wavelengths much larger than the chain length and at cell aspect ratios consistent with those observed in natural diatom colonies, suggesting that hydrodynamic efficiency may constitute an evolutionary selective pressure in diatom chains. Together, these results identify sliding as a previously overlooked mode of locomotion in multicellular assemblies and suggest new design principles for efficient bio-inspired microswimmers and swarm robotic systems.
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BibTeX
@misc{dreff2026moving,
title = {{Moving backward to go faster: Diatom-inspired sliding reveals efficient modes of locomotion}},
author = {Julien Le Dreff and Blaise Delmotte},
howpublished = {HAL},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
eprint = {2606.10513},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05762895v1},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Moving backward to go faster: Diatom-inspired sliding reveals efficient modes of locomotion
AU - Julien Le Dreff
AU - Blaise Delmotte
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/09
PB - HAL
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05762895v1
AB - Across biological scales, from sperm cells to whales, locomotion commonly relies on undulatory gaits, in which traveling deformation waves interact with the surrounding fluid to generate thrust opposite to the direction of wave propagation. In viscous environments, microorganism locomotion is classically understood in terms of undulatory bending of slender filaments such as flagella, with optimal propulsion achieved when the deformation wavelength is comparable to the swimmer length. Inspired by diatom colonies, we identify a fundamentally different swimming mechanism based on sliding between neighboring elements within a chain. We show that sliding between stacked elongated cells generates internal shear that drives propulsion opposite to classical undulatory swimming, while achieving higher speeds and greater energetic efficiency. Remarkably, optimal performance occurs at wavelengths much larger than the chain length and at cell aspect ratios consistent with those observed in natural diatom colonies, suggesting that hydrodynamic efficiency may constitute an evolutionary selective pressure in diatom chains. Together, these results identify sliding as a previously overlooked mode of locomotion in multicellular assemblies and suggest new design principles for efficient bio-inspired microswimmers and swarm robotic systems.
ER -