On the Asymptotic Switching Density in Time-Optimal Control of Linear Systems
Abstract
We study the time-optimal control of a controllable linear system on a time horizon [0,T], focusing on the asymptotic switching density for large T. When the system matrix has only real eigenvalues, it is well-known that the number of switches is upper bounded uniformly in T; when it has complex eigenvalues, no such uniform bound exists, and the switching count instead typically grows with T. We characterize this growth for a system matrix with an arbitrary spectrum, allowing simultaneously for real eigenvalues, complex eigenvalues, and a non-trivial Jordan structure. If the dominant mode is complex, the number of switches grows at least linearly in T, with an explicit lower bound expressed via the mean motion problem and the Bohl-Weyl-Wintner formula. We illustrate the theory on a linearized aircraft pitch/altitude model, showing close agreement between the predicted asymptotic switching rate and numerically computed time-optimal controls.
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BibTeX
@misc{dalin2026asymptotic,
title = {{On the Asymptotic Switching Density in Time-Optimal Control of Linear Systems}},
author = {Omri Dalin and Alexander Ovseevich and Michael Margaliot},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.07431},
eprint = {2609.07431},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.07431},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - On the Asymptotic Switching Density in Time-Optimal Control of Linear Systems
AU - Omri Dalin
AU - Alexander Ovseevich
AU - Michael Margaliot
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/07
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.07431
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.07431
AB - We study the time-optimal control of a controllable linear system on a time horizon [0,T], focusing on the asymptotic switching density for large T. When the system matrix has only real eigenvalues, it is well-known that the number of switches is upper bounded uniformly in T; when it has complex eigenvalues, no such uniform bound exists, and the switching count instead typically grows with T. We characterize this growth for a system matrix with an arbitrary spectrum, allowing simultaneously for real eigenvalues, complex eigenvalues, and a non-trivial Jordan structure. If the dominant mode is complex, the number of switches grows at least linearly in T, with an explicit lower bound expressed via the mean motion problem and the Bohl-Weyl-Wintner formula. We illustrate the theory on a linearized aircraft pitch/altitude model, showing close agreement between the predicted asymptotic switching rate and numerically computed time-optimal controls.
ER -