Physical Characteristics and Biocompatibility of 3D-printed Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Membranes with Different Lactic-to-Glycolic Acid Ratios for Guided Bone Regeneration: A Comparative Study
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Amphur Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 3Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Abstract
Aims: To fabricate 3-dimensional (3D)-printed resorbable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR). Physical and biological properties of the membranes with varying lactic acid (LA)-to-glycolic acid (GA) ratios were evaluated to determine the optimal PLGA composition for membrane production. Materials and Methods: PLGA membranes were fabricated using a 3D printer and categorised into 3 groups: Group A (50:50), Group B (70:30) and Group C (85:15). The membranes’ microarchitecture was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and their surface wettability, mechanical properties and degradation behaviours were evaluated. Crystalline structures were analysed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and thermal properties were assessed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Fibroblast and osteoblast viability and proliferation on the membranes were measured using SEM, fluorescein diacetate staining and PrestoBlue assay. Osteogenic differentiation was determined through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red (AR) staining. Results: SEM images revealed distinct microscopic characteristics of the membranes: rough upper and smooth lower surfaces. Furthermore, greater amounts of LA resulted in high melting temperatures and increased crystallinity in the PLGA membranes. All membranes displayed hydrophilic surfaces, with water contact angles below 90 degrees. Group C membranes exhibited the greatest mechanical strength, whereas group A degraded faster and generated more acidic by-products than the other groups. Osteoblasts and fibroblasts that were seeded on all membrane groups proliferated during the first week. By day 14, only Group C showed continued cell growth, whereas cell growth declined in the others. Group C also demonstrated superior osteogenic differentiation after 21 days. All membranes were effective in inhibiting the penetration of fibroblasts through their structure. Conclusion: Overall, the 85:15 (LA:GA) PLGA membrane demonstrated key properties required for GBR, including adequate strength, suitable degradation behaviour and biocompatibility.
Related
- The Role of Membranes in Tissue Regeneration Therapy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
- Comparative Two-Year Outcomes of Three Different Three-Piece Intraocular Lenses in Flanged Intrascleral Fixation
- Comparative effects of silibinin and deferoxamine on skeletal muscle injury and regeneration in a rat model of compartment syndrome
- Comparative effectiveness of exercise and self-management interventions delivered through different modes of digital support on pain and patient-reported physical function in people with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- Flavor characteristics of different grades of Baiyaqilan tea: An integrated analysis based on sensory evaluation and metabolomics.
BibTeX
@article{arayangkool2026physical,
title = {{Physical Characteristics and Biocompatibility of 3D-printed Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Membranes with Different Lactic-to-Glycolic Acid Ratios for Guided Bone Regeneration: A Comparative Study}},
author = {Warote Arayangkool and Guanjuan Liu and Nuttawut Thuaksuban and Supaporn Sangkert and Winita Punyodom and Donraporn Daranarong},
journal = {International Dental Journal},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1016/j.identj.2026.111271},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2026.111271},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Physical Characteristics and Biocompatibility of 3D-printed Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Membranes with Different Lactic-to-Glycolic Acid Ratios for Guided Bone Regeneration: A Comparative Study
AU - Warote Arayangkool
AU - Guanjuan Liu
AU - Nuttawut Thuaksuban
AU - Supaporn Sangkert
AU - Winita Punyodom
AU - Donraporn Daranarong
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
JO - International Dental Journal
DO - 10.1016/j.identj.2026.111271
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2026.111271
AB - Aims: To fabricate 3-dimensional (3D)-printed resorbable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR). Physical and biological properties of the membranes with varying lactic acid (LA)-to-glycolic acid (GA) ratios were evaluated to determine the optimal PLGA composition for membrane production. Materials and Methods: PLGA membranes were fabricated using a 3D printer and categorised into 3 groups: Group A (50:50), Group B (70:30) and Group C (85:15). The membranes’ microarchitecture was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and their surface wettability, mechanical properties and degradation behaviours were evaluated. Crystalline structures were analysed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and thermal properties were assessed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Fibroblast and osteoblast viability and proliferation on the membranes were measured using SEM, fluorescein diacetate staining and PrestoBlue assay. Osteogenic differentiation was determined through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red (AR) staining. Results: SEM images revealed distinct microscopic characteristics of the membranes: rough upper and smooth lower surfaces. Furthermore, greater amounts of LA resulted in high melting temperatures and increased crystallinity in the PLGA membranes. All membranes displayed hydrophilic surfaces, with water contact angles below 90 degrees. Group C membranes exhibited the greatest mechanical strength, whereas group A degraded faster and generated more acidic by-products than the other groups. Osteoblasts and fibroblasts that were seeded on all membrane groups proliferated during the first week. By day 14, only Group C showed continued cell growth, whereas cell growth declined in the others. Group C also demonstrated superior osteogenic differentiation after 21 days. All membranes were effective in inhibiting the penetration of fibroblasts through their structure. Conclusion: Overall, the 85:15 (LA:GA) PLGA membrane demonstrated key properties required for GBR, including adequate strength, suitable degradation behaviour and biocompatibility.
SN - 0020-6539
SN - 1875-595X
ER -