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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Polymers

Synthesis and Characterization of CuO NPs Integrated Polyamidoxime–Sodium Alginate Hydrogel Nanocomposites for Antimicrobial Applications

  • Juan José Andrade Sepúlveda1
  • Radha Devi Pyarasani2,3
  • Verónica Carrasco Sánchez4,5
  • Samira Hozhabr Araghi1
  • Jaime Tapia6
  • Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni7
  • Saravanan Chandrasekaran8
  • Pandian Lakshmanan9
  • John Amalraj1
9 affiliations
  1. 1Laboratory of Materials Science, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, 747, Talca 3460000, Chile
  2. 2Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466000, Chile
  3. 3Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466000, Chile
  4. 4Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
  5. 5Center for Advancing Agri-Food System Transformation (CA2FST), Talca 3460000, Chile
  6. 6Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, 747, Talca 3460000, Chile
  7. 7Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
  8. 8Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, Presidency University, Yelahanka, Rajanukunte, Bangalore 560119, Karnataka, India
  9. 9Department of Chemistry, Tagore Engineering College, Rathinamangalam, Chennai 600127, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract

Hydrogel nanocomposites with antimicrobial properties are increasingly gaining attention to combat bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this research, we presented the development of polyamidoxime–sodium alginate (PAO-SA)-based hydrogel beads that were developed as a platform for the incorporation of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). Two different strategies were employed to incorporate the CuO NPs: encapsulation, PAO-SA/CuO (enc) in which a relatively higher concentration of CuO NPs was localized in the core than in the shell of the hydrogel beads, and surface incorporation PAO-SA/CuO (sup) in which the CuO NPs were predominantly localized in the shell. The prepared CuO NPs and nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, AAS, XRD, TGA, FESEM-EDS, and HR-TEM methods. The antimicrobial activity of the CuO NP-containing PAO–SA hydrogel nanocomposites was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The synthesized CuO NPs exhibited significant antimicrobial properties, with MIC and MBC values of 125 and 250 mg/L for S. aureus and E. Coli, respectively. Furthermore, bacterial growth kinetics demonstrate that the surface-supported PAO-SA/CuO (sup) nanocomposite exhibits superior antibacterial efficacy compared to its encapsulated counterpart. The in silico cytotoxicity was calculated; the IC50 values were approximately 24.4 mg L−1 for A549, 22.3 mg L−1 for BEAS-2B, 28.3 mg L−1 for MRC-5, and 40.5 mg L−1 for HaCaT. Overall, these results indicate that the predicted IC50 values are within a comparable range to the experimentally reported values for CuO nanoparticles. These results indicate that surface incorporation of CuO NPs into PAO-SA/CuO (sup) nanocomposites can be used effectively as an antimicrobial material to address bacterial AMR.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{sepulveda2026synthesis,
  title = {{Synthesis and Characterization of CuO NPs Integrated Polyamidoxime–Sodium Alginate Hydrogel Nanocomposites for Antimicrobial Applications}},
  author = {Juan José Andrade Sepúlveda and Radha Devi Pyarasani and Verónica Carrasco Sánchez and Samira Hozhabr Araghi and Jaime Tapia and Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni and Saravanan Chandrasekaran and Pandian Lakshmanan and John Amalraj},
  journal = {Polymers},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.3390/polym18212712},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/21/2712},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Synthesis and Characterization of CuO NPs Integrated Polyamidoxime–Sodium Alginate Hydrogel Nanocomposites for Antimicrobial Applications
AU  - Juan José Andrade Sepúlveda
AU  - Radha Devi Pyarasani
AU  - Verónica Carrasco Sánchez
AU  - Samira Hozhabr Araghi
AU  - Jaime Tapia
AU  - Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni
AU  - Saravanan Chandrasekaran
AU  - Pandian Lakshmanan
AU  - John Amalraj
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/01
JO  - Polymers
DO  - 10.3390/polym18212712
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/21/2712
AB  - Hydrogel nanocomposites with antimicrobial properties are increasingly gaining attention to combat bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this research, we presented the development of polyamidoxime–sodium alginate (PAO-SA)-based hydrogel beads that were developed as a platform for the incorporation of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). Two different strategies were employed to incorporate the CuO NPs: encapsulation, PAO-SA/CuO (enc) in which a relatively higher concentration of CuO NPs was localized in the core than in the shell of the hydrogel beads, and surface incorporation PAO-SA/CuO (sup) in which the CuO NPs were predominantly localized in the shell. The prepared CuO NPs and nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, AAS, XRD, TGA, FESEM-EDS, and HR-TEM methods. The antimicrobial activity of the CuO NP-containing PAO–SA hydrogel nanocomposites was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The synthesized CuO NPs exhibited significant antimicrobial properties, with MIC and MBC values of 125 and 250 mg/L for S. aureus and E. Coli, respectively. Furthermore, bacterial growth kinetics demonstrate that the surface-supported PAO-SA/CuO (sup) nanocomposite exhibits superior antibacterial efficacy compared to its encapsulated counterpart. The in silico cytotoxicity was calculated; the IC50 values were approximately 24.4 mg L−1 for A549, 22.3 mg L−1 for BEAS-2B, 28.3 mg L−1 for MRC-5, and 40.5 mg L−1 for HaCaT. Overall, these results indicate that the predicted IC50 values are within a comparable range to the experimentally reported values for CuO nanoparticles. These results indicate that surface incorporation of CuO NPs into PAO-SA/CuO (sup) nanocomposites can be used effectively as an antimicrobial material to address bacterial AMR.
SN  - 2073-4360
ER  -