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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Frontiers in Psychiatry

The moderating effect of cognitive re-evaluation on the relationship between superficial performance and job burnout in psychiatric nurses

  • Shasha Hong1
  • Shuhui Huang2
  • Mianmian Zhu3
  • Aimin Jin1
  • Qihao Zhang4
  • Anmeng Huang5
  • Lu Wang6
6 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Comprehensive Spirit III, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital
  2. 2Department of Ward 502, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital
  3. 3Department of Psychosomatic Clinic, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital
  4. 4Department of the Third Ward, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital
  5. 5Department of Alcohol Dependence Ward, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital
  6. 6Department of Ward 301, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital
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Abstract

Background: Demand for emotional labor is increasing among psychiatric nurses who are now more at risk for job burnout, and emotional labor strategies or emotion regulation styles may be important mechanisms in this process.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among emotional labor, emotion regulation, and job burnout in psychiatric nurses, and to examine cognitive reappraisal as a potential moderator of the relationship between surface acting and burnout.

Methods: During January-February 2025, a cross-sectional survey was performed among on-duty nurses in a tertiary psychiatric hospital located in Zhejiang Province, China. Emotional labor, emotion regulation, job burnout, nursing professional values, perceived decent work and innovative capacity were assessed using validated Chinese scales. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, multiple linear regression, hierarchical moderation analysis, and simple slope analysis were performed. Regression assumptions, multicollinearity, and common method bias were additionally assessed.

Results: Of 245 returned questionnaires, 241 were included in the final analysis. After adjustment for demographic and work-related factors, surface acting was positively associated with job burnout (β = 0.416, 95% CI: 0.249–0.582, p < 0.001), whereas cognitive reappraisal was inversely associated with burnout (β = −0.419, 95% CI: −0.560 to −0.278, p < 0.001). The surface acting × cognitive reappraisal interaction was statistically significant but small (β = −0.137, 95% CI: −0.238 to −0.036, ΔR² = 0.019, f² = 0.032, p = 0.008).

Conclusion: Higher surface acting was associated with higher job burnout, whereas higher cognitive reappraisal was associated with lower burnout. Cognitive reappraisal also showed a small moderating association, with the positive association between surface acting and burnout becoming weaker at higher levels of reappraisal. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the temporal direction and practical relevance of these associations.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{hong2026moderating,
  title = {{The moderating effect of cognitive re-evaluation on the relationship between superficial performance and job burnout in psychiatric nurses}},
  author = {Shasha Hong and Shuhui Huang and Mianmian Zhu and Aimin Jin and Qihao Zhang and Anmeng Huang and Lu Wang},
  journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1929514},
  url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1929514/full},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - The moderating effect of cognitive re-evaluation on the relationship between superficial performance and job burnout in psychiatric nurses
AU  - Shasha Hong
AU  - Shuhui Huang
AU  - Mianmian Zhu
AU  - Aimin Jin
AU  - Qihao Zhang
AU  - Anmeng Huang
AU  - Lu Wang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/14
JO  - Frontiers in Psychiatry
DO  - 10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1929514
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1929514/full
AB  - Background: Demand for emotional labor is increasing among psychiatric nurses who are now more at risk for job burnout, and emotional labor strategies or emotion regulation styles may be important mechanisms in this process.  Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among emotional labor, emotion regulation, and job burnout in psychiatric nurses, and to examine cognitive reappraisal as a potential moderator of the relationship between surface acting and burnout.  Methods: During January-February 2025, a cross-sectional survey was performed among on-duty nurses in a tertiary psychiatric hospital located in Zhejiang Province, China. Emotional labor, emotion regulation, job burnout, nursing professional values, perceived decent work and innovative capacity were assessed using validated Chinese scales. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, multiple linear regression, hierarchical moderation analysis, and simple slope analysis were performed. Regression assumptions, multicollinearity, and common method bias were additionally assessed.  Results: Of 245 returned questionnaires, 241 were included in the final analysis. After adjustment for demographic and work-related factors, surface acting was positively associated with job burnout (β = 0.416, 95% CI: 0.249–0.582, p < 0.001), whereas cognitive reappraisal was inversely associated with burnout (β = −0.419, 95% CI: −0.560 to −0.278, p < 0.001). The surface acting × cognitive reappraisal interaction was statistically significant but small (β = −0.137, 95% CI: −0.238 to −0.036, ΔR² = 0.019, f² = 0.032, p = 0.008).  Conclusion: Higher surface acting was associated with higher job burnout, whereas higher cognitive reappraisal was associated with lower burnout. Cognitive reappraisal also showed a small moderating association, with the positive association between surface acting and burnout becoming weaker at higher levels of reappraisal. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the temporal direction and practical relevance of these associations.
SN  - 1664-0640
ER  -