Protective Effect of Aqueous Centella asiatica Extract on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury : Short title: Centella asiatica Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Injury.
8 affiliations
- 1Department of Community Health Nursing, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
- 2Department of Forestry, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
- 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya 44023, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
- 4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
- 5Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
- 6Department of Anesthesia Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
- 7Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
- 8Department of Physiotherapy, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Abstract
Gastric ulcer disease is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and disruption of gastric mucosal defense mechanisms. Ethanol-induced gastric injury is a widely used experimental model for evaluating gastroprotective agents. Centella asiatica is a medicinal plant rich in bioactive phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, and triterpenoids, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.This study evaluated the gastroprotective effect of aqueous C.asiatica extract against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n=6): ulcer control, omeprazole-treated group (20 mg/kg), and three groups pretreated orally with aqueous C.asiatica extract at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening of the extract was performed using standard methods. Gastric ulceration was induced using absolute ethanol (5 mL/kg). Gastric pH, mucus weight, ulcer area, and ulcer inhibition percentage were evaluated. Histopathological examination and quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression were also performed. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, and triterpenoids in the aqueous C.asiatica extract. Pretreatment with the extract significantly reduced ethanol-induced gastric injury in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Treated rats showed increased gastric pH and mucus weight with reduced ulcer area compared with the ulcer control group. The 600 mg/kg dose produced the highest ulcer inhibition (98.88%) and preserved gastric mucosal architecture with minimal epithelial disruption, edema, and inflammatory-cell infiltration. In addition, the extract significantly upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression levels. Aqueous C.asiatica extract demonstrated significant gastroprotective activity against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats, possibly through enhancement of mucosal defense mechanisms and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. The observed protective effects may be attributed to the phytochemical constituents present in the extract, supporting the potential therapeutic value of C.asiatica in gastric ulcer prevention.
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BibTeX
@article{yousif2026protective,
title = {{Protective Effect of Aqueous Centella asiatica Extract on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury : Short title: Centella asiatica Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Injury.}},
author = {Nzar Ibrahim Yousif and Zhala B Taha and Mohammed M Hussein M Raouf and Bakhtawar Ziad Omer and Zahraakhan Maaroof Taher and Abdullah Jawdat Zebari and Zeenath S Sheikh and Hero Ismael Mohammed and Shahrokh Mojarradgandoukmolla and Tanya Salam Salih and Usha Rani Kandula and Sherzad Hassan Radha and Abdulrahman Ismael},
journal = {Galen medical journal},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.31661/gmj.v15i.4247},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42996818},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Protective Effect of Aqueous Centella asiatica Extract on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury : Short title: Centella asiatica Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Injury.
AU - Nzar Ibrahim Yousif
AU - Zhala B Taha
AU - Mohammed M Hussein M Raouf
AU - Bakhtawar Ziad Omer
AU - Zahraakhan Maaroof Taher
AU - Abdullah Jawdat Zebari
AU - Zeenath S Sheikh
AU - Hero Ismael Mohammed
AU - Shahrokh Mojarradgandoukmolla
AU - Tanya Salam Salih
AU - Usha Rani Kandula
AU - Sherzad Hassan Radha
AU - Abdulrahman Ismael
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/15
JO - Galen medical journal
DO - 10.31661/gmj.v15i.4247
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42996818
AB - Gastric ulcer disease is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and disruption of gastric mucosal defense mechanisms. Ethanol-induced gastric injury is a widely used experimental model for evaluating gastroprotective agents. Centella asiatica is a medicinal plant rich in bioactive phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, and triterpenoids, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.This study evaluated the gastroprotective effect of aqueous C.asiatica extract against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n=6): ulcer control, omeprazole-treated group (20 mg/kg), and three groups pretreated orally with aqueous C.asiatica extract at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening of the extract was performed using standard methods. Gastric ulceration was induced using absolute ethanol (5 mL/kg). Gastric pH, mucus weight, ulcer area, and ulcer inhibition percentage were evaluated. Histopathological examination and quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression were also performed. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, and triterpenoids in the aqueous C.asiatica extract. Pretreatment with the extract significantly reduced ethanol-induced gastric injury in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Treated rats showed increased gastric pH and mucus weight with reduced ulcer area compared with the ulcer control group. The 600 mg/kg dose produced the highest ulcer inhibition (98.88%) and preserved gastric mucosal architecture with minimal epithelial disruption, edema, and inflammatory-cell infiltration. In addition, the extract significantly upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression levels. Aqueous C.asiatica extract demonstrated significant gastroprotective activity against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats, possibly through enhancement of mucosal defense mechanisms and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. The observed protective effects may be attributed to the phytochemical constituents present in the extract, supporting the potential therapeutic value of C.asiatica in gastric ulcer prevention.
SN - 2588-2767
SN - 2322-2379
ER -