Transient growth and Counter-propagating Rossby Waves in a sloped Eady problem
Abstract
A mechanistic interpretation for baroclinic normal mode instability with exponential growth is the interaction arising from Counter-propagating Rossby Waves (CRWs), where pairs of CRWs phase-lock and interfere constructively. On the other hand, an arbitrary initial condition can lead to finite transient growth as long as there is constructive interference. The present work investigates the characteristics of finite time transient instabilities and its description in terms of CRWs in a baroclinic system with asymmetric interaction, in contrast to usual settings where there is an inherent symmetry that leads to equal and opposite CRWs. A sloped Eady problem on a f-plane is considered here, which has the benefit that there are only two CRWs in the system, and the presence of a bottom topographic slope can be formulated in a such a way that only one of the CRW is affected and controlled by a single parameter representing the asymmetry, via modifying the bottom background potential vorticity gradient. We derive conditions where the instantaneous growths have key CRW properties that are independent of the asymmetry parameter for a reasonably general family of norms, and that the instability characteristic in the total energy norm is entirely independent of the asymmetry parameter. For finite time transient growth, the optimal initial condition is in some sense counter to that of the exponential growing normal mode: where the bottom slope is such that it is strengthening the bottom CRW, the normal mode has a larger bottom CRW, but the finite time optimal initial condition wants the bottom CRW to be weak instead, and vice-versa. While the results presented here are for the sloped Eady problem, the same results were also found for an analogous Phillips problem, and we speculate the instability characteristics may have origins in the underlying symmetries that are common to those two problems.
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BibTeX
@misc{yin2026transient,
title = {{Transient growth and Counter-propagating Rossby Waves in a sloped Eady problem}},
author = {J. Yin and N. Harnik and E. Heifetz and J. Mak},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.24689},
eprint = {2610.24689},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.24689},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Transient growth and Counter-propagating Rossby Waves in a sloped Eady problem
AU - J. Yin
AU - N. Harnik
AU - E. Heifetz
AU - J. Mak
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/17
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.24689
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.24689
AB - A mechanistic interpretation for baroclinic normal mode instability with exponential growth is the interaction arising from Counter-propagating Rossby Waves (CRWs), where pairs of CRWs phase-lock and interfere constructively. On the other hand, an arbitrary initial condition can lead to finite transient growth as long as there is constructive interference. The present work investigates the characteristics of finite time transient instabilities and its description in terms of CRWs in a baroclinic system with asymmetric interaction, in contrast to usual settings where there is an inherent symmetry that leads to equal and opposite CRWs. A sloped Eady problem on a f-plane is considered here, which has the benefit that there are only two CRWs in the system, and the presence of a bottom topographic slope can be formulated in a such a way that only one of the CRW is affected and controlled by a single parameter representing the asymmetry, via modifying the bottom background potential vorticity gradient. We derive conditions where the instantaneous growths have key CRW properties that are independent of the asymmetry parameter for a reasonably general family of norms, and that the instability characteristic in the total energy norm is entirely independent of the asymmetry parameter. For finite time transient growth, the optimal initial condition is in some sense counter to that of the exponential growing normal mode: where the bottom slope is such that it is strengthening the bottom CRW, the normal mode has a larger bottom CRW, but the finite time optimal initial condition wants the bottom CRW to be weak instead, and vice-versa. While the results presented here are for the sloped Eady problem, the same results were also found for an analogous Phillips problem, and we speculate the instability characteristics may have origins in the underlying symmetries that are common to those two problems.
ER -