Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 2010 to 2021
Abstract
Background & Aims: This study used the Global Burden of Disease data (2010-2021) to analyze the rates and trends of point prevalence, annual incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in 204 countries. Methods: Total numbers and age-standardized rates per 100,000 population for MASLD prevalence, annual incidence, and YLDs were compared across regions and countries by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Smoothing spline models were used to evaluate the relationship between the burden of MASLD and SDI. Estimates were reported with uncertainty intervals (UI). Results: 14,310.6 cases per 100,000 population). Prevalence peaked at ages 45-49 for men and 50-54 for women. Kuwait (32,312.2 cases per 100,000 people; 95% UI: 29,947.1-34,839.0), Egypt (31,668.8 cases per 100,000 people; 95% UI: 29,272.5-34,224.7), and Qatar (31,327.5 cases per 100,000 people; 95% UI: 29,078.5-33,790.9) had the highest prevalence rates in 2021. The largest increases in age-standardized point prevalence estimates from 2010 to 2021 were in China (16.9%, 95% UI 14.7%-18.9%), Sudan (13.3%, 95% UI 9.8%-16.7%) and India (13.2%, 95% UI 12.0%-14.4%). MASLD incidence varied with SDI, peaking at moderate SDI levels. Conclusions: MASLD is a global health concern, with the highest prevalence reported in Kuwait, Egypt, and Qatar. Raising awareness about risk factors and prevention is essential in every country, especially in China, Sudan and India, where disease incidence and prevalence are rapidly increasing. Impact and implications: This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the global burden of MASLD, highlighting its rising prevalence and incidence, particularly in countries with varying sociodemographic indices. The findings are significant for both clinicians and policymakers, as they offer critical insights into the regional disparities in MASLD burden, which can inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies. However, the study's reliance on modeling and available data suggests cautious interpretation, and further research is needed to validate these findings in clinical and real-world settings.
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BibTeX
@article{feng2026global,
title = {{Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 2010 to 2021}},
author = {Gong Feng and Giovanni Targher and Christopher Byrne and Yusuf Yilmaz and Vincent Wai-Sun Wong and Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana and Leon Adams and Jerome Boursier and George Papatheodoridis and Mohamed El-Kassas and Nahum Méndez-Sánchez and Silvia Sookoian and Laurent Castera and Wah-Kheong Chan and Feng Ye and Sombat Treeprasertsuk and Helena Cortez-Pinto and Hon Ho Yu and Won Kim and Manuel Romero-Gómez and Atsushi Nakajima and Khin Maung Win and Seung Up Kim and Adriaan Holleboom and Giada Sebastiani and Ponsiano Ocama and John Ryan and Monica Lupșor-Platon and Hasmik Ghazinyan and Mamun Al-Mahtab and Saeed Hamid and Nilanka Perera and Khalid Alswat and Qiuwei Pan and Michelle Long and Vasily Isakov and Man Mi and Marco Arrese and Arun Sanyal and Shiv Kumar Sarin and Nathalie Carvalho Leite and Luca Valenti and Philip Newsome and Hannes Hagström and Salvatore Petta and Hannele Yki-Järvinen and Jörn Schattenberg and Marlen Castellanos Fernández and Isabelle Leclercq and Gulnara Aghayeva and Abdel-Naser Elzouki and Ali Tumi and Ala Sharara and Asma Labidi and Faisal Sanai and Khaled Matar and Maen Al-Mattooq and Maisam Waid Akroush and Mustapha Benazzouz and Nabil Debzi},
journal = {JHEP Reports Innovation in Hepatology},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101271},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05840359v1},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 2010 to 2021
AU - Gong Feng
AU - Giovanni Targher
AU - Christopher Byrne
AU - Yusuf Yilmaz
AU - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
AU - Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana
AU - Leon Adams
AU - Jerome Boursier
AU - George Papatheodoridis
AU - Mohamed El-Kassas
AU - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
AU - Silvia Sookoian
AU - Laurent Castera
AU - Wah-Kheong Chan
AU - Feng Ye
AU - Sombat Treeprasertsuk
AU - Helena Cortez-Pinto
AU - Hon Ho Yu
AU - Won Kim
AU - Manuel Romero-Gómez
AU - Atsushi Nakajima
AU - Khin Maung Win
AU - Seung Up Kim
AU - Adriaan Holleboom
AU - Giada Sebastiani
AU - Ponsiano Ocama
AU - John Ryan
AU - Monica Lupșor-Platon
AU - Hasmik Ghazinyan
AU - Mamun Al-Mahtab
AU - Saeed Hamid
AU - Nilanka Perera
AU - Khalid Alswat
AU - Qiuwei Pan
AU - Michelle Long
AU - Vasily Isakov
AU - Man Mi
AU - Marco Arrese
AU - Arun Sanyal
AU - Shiv Kumar Sarin
AU - Nathalie Carvalho Leite
AU - Luca Valenti
AU - Philip Newsome
AU - Hannes Hagström
AU - Salvatore Petta
AU - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
AU - Jörn Schattenberg
AU - Marlen Castellanos Fernández
AU - Isabelle Leclercq
AU - Gulnara Aghayeva
AU - Abdel-Naser Elzouki
AU - Ali Tumi
AU - Ala Sharara
AU - Asma Labidi
AU - Faisal Sanai
AU - Khaled Matar
AU - Maen Al-Mattooq
AU - Maisam Waid Akroush
AU - Mustapha Benazzouz
AU - Nabil Debzi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/27
JO - JHEP Reports Innovation in Hepatology
DO - 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101271
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05840359v1
AB - Background & Aims: This study used the Global Burden of Disease data (2010-2021) to analyze the rates and trends of point prevalence, annual incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in 204 countries. Methods: Total numbers and age-standardized rates per 100,000 population for MASLD prevalence, annual incidence, and YLDs were compared across regions and countries by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Smoothing spline models were used to evaluate the relationship between the burden of MASLD and SDI. Estimates were reported with uncertainty intervals (UI). Results: 14,310.6 cases per 100,000 population). Prevalence peaked at ages 45-49 for men and 50-54 for women. Kuwait (32,312.2 cases per 100,000 people; 95% UI: 29,947.1-34,839.0), Egypt (31,668.8 cases per 100,000 people; 95% UI: 29,272.5-34,224.7), and Qatar (31,327.5 cases per 100,000 people; 95% UI: 29,078.5-33,790.9) had the highest prevalence rates in 2021. The largest increases in age-standardized point prevalence estimates from 2010 to 2021 were in China (16.9%, 95% UI 14.7%-18.9%), Sudan (13.3%, 95% UI 9.8%-16.7%) and India (13.2%, 95% UI 12.0%-14.4%). MASLD incidence varied with SDI, peaking at moderate SDI levels. Conclusions: MASLD is a global health concern, with the highest prevalence reported in Kuwait, Egypt, and Qatar. Raising awareness about risk factors and prevention is essential in every country, especially in China, Sudan and India, where disease incidence and prevalence are rapidly increasing. Impact and implications: This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the global burden of MASLD, highlighting its rising prevalence and incidence, particularly in countries with varying sociodemographic indices. The findings are significant for both clinicians and policymakers, as they offer critical insights into the regional disparities in MASLD burden, which can inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies. However, the study's reliance on modeling and available data suggests cautious interpretation, and further research is needed to validate these findings in clinical and real-world settings.
SN - 2589-5559
ER -