Modular optical fault-tolerant quantum computation via an interface between verified resources and online logical operations
Abstract
We introduce a factory--processor interface architecture for modular optical fault-tolerant quantum computation that separates code-dependent encoded-resource preparation from reusable online logical processing on a common Gaussian optical processor. Beyond encoded resources, the interface specifies logical outputs, code-to-mode mapping, measurement roles, frame updates, verification records, and resource-injection boundaries. As a concrete realization, we combine an offline verified Bell-resource factory based on a recursively concatenated C4 code with physical Gottesman--Kitaev--Preskill (GKP) qubits with an online time-domain measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) processor. Under the specified additive-displacement-noise model and fixed postselection policy, simulations support the finite-level logical Bell-error ordering P5<P4<P3<P2 at 12.25 dB of effective GKP displacement-noise quality, both with and without the prescribed additional post-injection displacement noise. At 15.6 dB and L=2, a separate fixed-sample evaluation gives one-sided 95% Clopper--Pearson upper bounds below 10−5 for both conditions under the binomial model. The interface supports address-tracked injection, transversal CNOT and logical Bell-measurement constructions, and logical SWAP and Hadamard constructions with tracked code permutations. Given advance resource preparation and sufficient routing parallelism, increasing the concatenation level expands parallel encoded-resource width without increasing the protected online sequence length of these constructions. These results identify a modular route to lower logical error rates while retaining a common Gaussian MBQC operation set with shallow online processing.
Related
- Verified Pauli-Product Measurement Compilation for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation
- Fault-tolerant quantum computation with static atomic buses
- Quantum Circuit Pruning: From NISQ Architectures to Fault-Tolerant Operations
- Fault-Tolerant Logical Operations and Efficient State Preparation in Modular Quantum Architectures with Noisy Interfaces
- Local decoders for fault-tolerant quantum computation and translation-invariant stabilizer codes
BibTeX
@misc{fukui2026modular,
title = {{Modular optical fault-tolerant quantum computation via an interface between verified resources and online logical operations}},
author = {Kosuke Fukui and Takaya Matsuura and Yohji Chin and Shohei Kiryu and Takaya Hoshi and Kan Takase and Warit Asavanant},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.32838},
eprint = {2610.32838},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32838},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Modular optical fault-tolerant quantum computation via an interface between verified resources and online logical operations
AU - Kosuke Fukui
AU - Takaya Matsuura
AU - Yohji Chin
AU - Shohei Kiryu
AU - Takaya Hoshi
AU - Kan Takase
AU - Warit Asavanant
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/23
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.32838
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32838
AB - We introduce a factory--processor interface architecture for modular optical fault-tolerant quantum computation that separates code-dependent encoded-resource preparation from reusable online logical processing on a common Gaussian optical processor. Beyond encoded resources, the interface specifies logical outputs, code-to-mode mapping, measurement roles, frame updates, verification records, and resource-injection boundaries. As a concrete realization, we combine an offline verified Bell-resource factory based on a recursively concatenated C_4 code with physical Gottesman--Kitaev--Preskill (GKP) qubits with an online time-domain measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) processor. Under the specified additive-displacement-noise model and fixed postselection policy, simulations support the finite-level logical Bell-error ordering P_5<P_4<P_3<P_2 at 12.25 dB of effective GKP displacement-noise quality, both with and without the prescribed additional post-injection displacement noise. At 15.6 dB and L=2, a separate fixed-sample evaluation gives one-sided 95% Clopper--Pearson upper bounds below 10^−5 for both conditions under the binomial model. The interface supports address-tracked injection, transversal CNOT and logical Bell-measurement constructions, and logical SWAP and Hadamard constructions with tracked code permutations. Given advance resource preparation and sufficient routing parallelism, increasing the concatenation level expands parallel encoded-resource width without increasing the protected online sequence length of these constructions. These results identify a modular route to lower logical error rates while retaining a common Gaussian MBQC operation set with shallow online processing.
ER -