Using Scattered Near-Infrared Light to Map Water Ice in Prestellar Cores with SPHEREx
Abstract
We present the first coreshine-derived, spatially-resolved maps of the 3 μm H2O ice absorption feature in four prestellar cores, using SPHEREx spectra. Ices are a key component of dense cores in molecular clouds, playing a central role in the chemistry of planet formation around young stars. However, spatially resolved abundance studies remain limited, typically relying on unevenly distributed background star sightlines. Here, we take advantage of the all-sky spectrophotometric capabilities of SPHEREx to construct ice absorption maps with uniform spatial resolution using the illumination of dense cores by scattered Galactic radiation, or coreshine. To demonstrate proof of concept, we analyse the spatially varying H2O ice absorption in four nearby (~140 pc) prestellar cores - L1544, CrA 151, L260 and L1512. Two cores follow the expected spatial trend of ice absorption peaking at the centre, but the two densest cores show a surprising drop in observed ice absorption in the innermost regions. To interpret the absorption maps, we construct analytical and simulated models of a Bonnor-Ebert sphere illuminated by scattering. We study the effects of different geometric configurations, ice mass fractions, and spatial differences in ice composition. None of these can explain the reduced central absorption, pointing to an unexplained physical or chemical effect operating in the densest prestellar regions. Our simulations further show that spectra derived from coreshine provide a robust tracer of spatially varying ice density and composition, establishing SPHEREx scattered-light spectroscopy as a powerful new probe of ice in dense cores.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{roychowdhury2026using,
title = {{Using Scattered Near-Infrared Light to Map Water Ice in Prestellar Cores with SPHEREx}},
author = {Tamojeet Roychowdhury and Jennifer B. Bergner and Jens Kauffmann and Thushara G. S. Pillai and Silvia Spezzano},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2607.24934},
eprint = {2607.24934},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.24934},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Using Scattered Near-Infrared Light to Map Water Ice in Prestellar Cores with SPHEREx
AU - Tamojeet Roychowdhury
AU - Jennifer B. Bergner
AU - Jens Kauffmann
AU - Thushara G. S. Pillai
AU - Silvia Spezzano
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/27
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2607.24934
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.24934
AB - We present the first coreshine-derived, spatially-resolved maps of the 3 μm H_2O ice absorption feature in four prestellar cores, using SPHEREx spectra. Ices are a key component of dense cores in molecular clouds, playing a central role in the chemistry of planet formation around young stars. However, spatially resolved abundance studies remain limited, typically relying on unevenly distributed background star sightlines. Here, we take advantage of the all-sky spectrophotometric capabilities of SPHEREx to construct ice absorption maps with uniform spatial resolution using the illumination of dense cores by scattered Galactic radiation, or coreshine. To demonstrate proof of concept, we analyse the spatially varying H_2O ice absorption in four nearby (~140 pc) prestellar cores - L1544, CrA 151, L260 and L1512. Two cores follow the expected spatial trend of ice absorption peaking at the centre, but the two densest cores show a surprising drop in observed ice absorption in the innermost regions. To interpret the absorption maps, we construct analytical and simulated models of a Bonnor-Ebert sphere illuminated by scattering. We study the effects of different geometric configurations, ice mass fractions, and spatial differences in ice composition. None of these can explain the reduced central absorption, pointing to an unexplained physical or chemical effect operating in the densest prestellar regions. Our simulations further show that spectra derived from coreshine provide a robust tracer of spatially varying ice density and composition, establishing SPHEREx scattered-light spectroscopy as a powerful new probe of ice in dense cores.
ER -