Breaking Behavioral Uniformity in Traffic Flow: Analytical Derivation and Numerical Verification of Optimal Cooperative Buffering
Abstract
Stop-and-go waves pose a persistent challenge in traffic flow theory, significantly compromising highway safety, operational efficiency, and environmental sustainability. This paper mathematically derives an optimal cooperative driving policy based on the premise that connected vehicles can cooperate and assume distinct roles. In doing so, we depart from the classical assumption of uniform vehicular behavior. Through a rigorous optimization formulation constrained by linear stability conditions, it is analytically proved that the traffic system's throughput is globally maximized when a single designated "buffer" vehicle maintains an enlarged headway to absorb perturbations, enabling the remaining vehicles to form a tightly spaced, high-capacity platoon. This analytically derived optimum is confirmed via numerical spectral analysis and stability-constrained flow optimization using the Intelligent Driver Model and the Full Velocity Difference Model. The results demonstrate that this non-uniform cooperative buffering strategy yields dual benefits. It radically expands the string-stable parameter space to actively dissipate SGWs, while simultaneously achieving significantly higher traffic flow compared to both unbuffered traffic and non-cooperative Jam-Absorption Driving strategies.
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BibTeX
@misc{korbmacher2026breaking,
title = {{Breaking Behavioral Uniformity in Traffic Flow: Analytical Derivation and Numerical Verification of Optimal Cooperative Buffering}},
author = {Raphael Korbmacher and Antoine Tordeux},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.11557},
eprint = {2610.11557},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.11557},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Breaking Behavioral Uniformity in Traffic Flow: Analytical Derivation and Numerical Verification of Optimal Cooperative Buffering
AU - Raphael Korbmacher
AU - Antoine Tordeux
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/08
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.11557
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.11557
AB - Stop-and-go waves pose a persistent challenge in traffic flow theory, significantly compromising highway safety, operational efficiency, and environmental sustainability. This paper mathematically derives an optimal cooperative driving policy based on the premise that connected vehicles can cooperate and assume distinct roles. In doing so, we depart from the classical assumption of uniform vehicular behavior. Through a rigorous optimization formulation constrained by linear stability conditions, it is analytically proved that the traffic system's throughput is globally maximized when a single designated "buffer" vehicle maintains an enlarged headway to absorb perturbations, enabling the remaining vehicles to form a tightly spaced, high-capacity platoon. This analytically derived optimum is confirmed via numerical spectral analysis and stability-constrained flow optimization using the Intelligent Driver Model and the Full Velocity Difference Model. The results demonstrate that this non-uniform cooperative buffering strategy yields dual benefits. It radically expands the string-stable parameter space to actively dissipate SGWs, while simultaneously achieving significantly higher traffic flow compared to both unbuffered traffic and non-cooperative Jam-Absorption Driving strategies.
ER -