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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Molecules

Efficiency of Innovative Extraction Technologies in Recovering Natural Pigments, Polyphenols, and Antioxidants from Sugar Beet Leaves

  • Franka Markić1,2
  • Senada Muratović1
  • Višnja Stulić2
  • Tomislava Vukušić Pavičić2
  • Sanda Pleslić3
  • Nadica Maltar-Strmečki1
  1. 1Laboratory for Electron Spin Spectroscopy, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
  2. 2Laboratory for Food Processes Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
  3. 3Department of Applied Physics, University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Unska 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Abstract

The growing demand for agri-food by-product valorisation has driven the adoption of innovative extraction techniques. This study evaluates and compares pulsed electric field (PEF), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for the recovery of total polyphenols (TPC), chlorophylls, and antioxidant activity (AA) from sugar beet leaves (SBL). The outcomes depended strongly on the applied technology and the properties of the target compounds. PEF treatment at 7.5 kV for 3 min resulted in a TPC of 11.41 mg GAE/g dry matter, while the highest chlorophyll content (0.393 mg/g dry matter) was obtained at 2 kV for 3 min. UAE using 80% methanol provided 8.23 mg GAE/g dry matter TPC after 5 min, whereas the highest chlorophyll content (0.601 mg/g dry matter) was achieved after 3 min. MAE resulted in the highest TPC (23.75 mg GAE/g dry matter) at 60 °C, 5 min, and a 1:40 solid-to-solvent ratio, while the highest AA (44.57 mg AAE/g dry matter) was obtained at 80 °C, 10 min, and the same 1:40 ratio. Overall, these findings demonstrate that target-specific extraction strategies are essential for SBL valorisation. These results represent the best-performing conditions within the investigated experimental ranges and provide an initial basis for further research into the potential of these technologies for SBL valorisation.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{markic2026efficiency,
  title = {{Efficiency of Innovative Extraction Technologies in Recovering Natural Pigments, Polyphenols, and Antioxidants from Sugar Beet Leaves}},
  author = {Franka Markić and Senada Muratović and Višnja Stulić and Tomislava Vukušić Pavičić and Sanda Pleslić and Nadica Maltar-Strmečki},
  journal = {Molecules},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.3390/molecules31213948},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3948},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Efficiency of Innovative Extraction Technologies in Recovering Natural Pigments, Polyphenols, and Antioxidants from Sugar Beet Leaves
AU  - Franka Markić
AU  - Senada Muratović
AU  - Višnja Stulić
AU  - Tomislava Vukušić Pavičić
AU  - Sanda Pleslić
AU  - Nadica Maltar-Strmečki
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/02
JO  - Molecules
DO  - 10.3390/molecules31213948
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3948
AB  - The growing demand for agri-food by-product valorisation has driven the adoption of innovative extraction techniques. This study evaluates and compares pulsed electric field (PEF), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for the recovery of total polyphenols (TPC), chlorophylls, and antioxidant activity (AA) from sugar beet leaves (SBL). The outcomes depended strongly on the applied technology and the properties of the target compounds. PEF treatment at 7.5 kV for 3 min resulted in a TPC of 11.41 mg GAE/g dry matter, while the highest chlorophyll content (0.393 mg/g dry matter) was obtained at 2 kV for 3 min. UAE using 80% methanol provided 8.23 mg GAE/g dry matter TPC after 5 min, whereas the highest chlorophyll content (0.601 mg/g dry matter) was achieved after 3 min. MAE resulted in the highest TPC (23.75 mg GAE/g dry matter) at 60 °C, 5 min, and a 1:40 solid-to-solvent ratio, while the highest AA (44.57 mg AAE/g dry matter) was obtained at 80 °C, 10 min, and the same 1:40 ratio. Overall, these findings demonstrate that target-specific extraction strategies are essential for SBL valorisation. These results represent the best-performing conditions within the investigated experimental ranges and provide an initial basis for further research into the potential of these technologies for SBL valorisation.
SN  - 1420-3049
ER  -