Ultrasonic‑assisted extraction alters molecular structure and microbial fermentation characteristics of palm fruit polysaccharide to enhance β‑carotene bioconversion
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- 2College of Life Science and Agri-forestry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
- 3State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Corresponding author.
Abstract
The palm oil industry generates abundant by-products with great potential for high-value utilization. This study compared the yield, structural characteristics, and regulatory effects on β-carotene bioconversion of palm fruit polysaccharides obtained by conventional lactic-acid warm-water extraction (CE-PFP) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UE-PFP). The yield of UE-PFP was 1.62 times that of CE-PFP, and UE-PFP exhibited lower molecular weight and altered monosaccharide composition. Methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated that ultrasonication reshaped the fine glycan architecture of palm‑fruit polysaccharides. Compared with CE‑PFP, UE‑PFP contained rhamnose residues within its backbone and lost glucose residues in its side‑chains, leading to substantial rearrangement of side‑chain sugar‑residue profiles. SEM further revealed distinct morphological disparities: CE‑PFP adopted a dense layered structure, whereas UE‑PFP possessed a loose porous fibrous network. Compared with CE‑PFP, UE‑PFP exhibited stronger inhibition against Escherichia coli and more pronounced enrichment of Bacteroides , showing superior overall capacity for gut‑microbiota remodeling. Meanwhile, UE‑PFP displayed greater potency in up‑regulating β‑carotene‑metabolizing enzymes and facilitating retinol synthesis. Pseudo‑germ‑free mouse assays confirmed that the β‑carotene‑to‑retinol bioconversion‑promoting effects of both CE‑PFP and UE‑PFP were dependent on gut‑microbiota remodeling. In summary, ultrasonic modification remodels the gut‑microbiota‑regulatory capacity of palm‑fruit polysaccharides, providing new insights into plant polysaccharide modification and the valorization of palm‑oil by‑products.
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BibTeX
@article{zhu2026ultrasonicassisted,
title = {{Ultrasonic‑assisted extraction alters molecular structure and microbial fermentation characteristics of palm fruit polysaccharide to enhance β‑carotene bioconversion}},
author = {Qi Zhu and Fudong Zhang and Zhiqiang Sun and Xin Huang and Honglin Yan and Jingbo Liu and Zeyu Zhang and Dandan Han and Junjun Wang and Jinbiao Zhao},
journal = {Ultrasonics Sonochemistry},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.108135},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.108135},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Ultrasonic‑assisted extraction alters molecular structure and microbial fermentation characteristics of palm fruit polysaccharide to enhance β‑carotene bioconversion
AU - Qi Zhu
AU - Fudong Zhang
AU - Zhiqiang Sun
AU - Xin Huang
AU - Honglin Yan
AU - Jingbo Liu
AU - Zeyu Zhang
AU - Dandan Han
AU - Junjun Wang
AU - Jinbiao Zhao
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/23
JO - Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
DO - 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.108135
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.108135
AB - The palm oil industry generates abundant by-products with great potential for high-value utilization. This study compared the yield, structural characteristics, and regulatory effects on β-carotene bioconversion of palm fruit polysaccharides obtained by conventional lactic-acid warm-water extraction (CE-PFP) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UE-PFP). The yield of UE-PFP was 1.62 times that of CE-PFP, and UE-PFP exhibited lower molecular weight and altered monosaccharide composition. Methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated that ultrasonication reshaped the fine glycan architecture of palm‑fruit polysaccharides. Compared with CE‑PFP, UE‑PFP contained rhamnose residues within its backbone and lost glucose residues in its side‑chains, leading to substantial rearrangement of side‑chain sugar‑residue profiles. SEM further revealed distinct morphological disparities: CE‑PFP adopted a dense layered structure, whereas UE‑PFP possessed a loose porous fibrous network. Compared with CE‑PFP, UE‑PFP exhibited stronger inhibition against Escherichia coli and more pronounced enrichment of Bacteroides , showing superior overall capacity for gut‑microbiota remodeling. Meanwhile, UE‑PFP displayed greater potency in up‑regulating β‑carotene‑metabolizing enzymes and facilitating retinol synthesis. Pseudo‑germ‑free mouse assays confirmed that the β‑carotene‑to‑retinol bioconversion‑promoting effects of both CE‑PFP and UE‑PFP were dependent on gut‑microbiota remodeling. In summary, ultrasonic modification remodels the gut‑microbiota‑regulatory capacity of palm‑fruit polysaccharides, providing new insights into plant polysaccharide modification and the valorization of palm‑oil by‑products.
SN - 1350-4177
SN - 1873-2828
ER -